Emilio Ichikawa » CUBA: Mediación y cambios indiscernibles

Emilio Ichikawa 

 

Emilio Ichikawa

El 22 de abril del año 2000 el Departamento de Justicia de EEUU ordena que el niño Elián González sea sacado a la fuerza de la casa de sus tíos en la Pequeña Habana. Fracasaba así una negociación cuyo último punto lo marcó una conversación telefónica entre el abogado Aaron Podhurst y la Secretaria de Justicia del gobierno del Presidente Bill Clinton: Janet Reno. Cuando llegaron los federales a llevarse a Elián, aún permanecían dos de los mediadores dentro de la casa de los González: los empresarios cubanos Carlos Saladrigas y Carlos de la Cruz. Es decir, dos de las personas que atendieron a Yoani Sánchez durante su reciente visita a Miami.

¿Qué querían ambos empresarios cuando decidieron mediar en la solución del caso Elián? 

Pues seguramente lo que entendieron como mejor para los cubanos, en especial para la “imagen” de la comunidad cubana en la opinión pública norteamericana, que es siempre el epicentro del tema. Una solución pacífica al conflicto, con ganancias y concesiones de las partes: Elián no se quedaría en EEUU, pero la transferencia (o “transición”) del niño al padre Juan Miguel González se produciría en un ambiente familiar, sin que entrañara demasiada exposición mediática y con ella la posibilidad de interpretación del resultado en términos de victoria o derrota, que fue lo que finalmente sucedió. La Batalla por Elián se impuso a la Campaña por Elián.

Más de una década después los mediadores Carlos Saladrigas y Carlos de la Cruz están de vuelta. Todo parece indicar que buscan casi lo mismo, pero en el terreno económico o político: un cambio gradual y pacífico en la isla; que entonces tendría que ver más con las llamadas transiciones chilena y española a la democracia, y no tanto con los “desmerengamientos” en la Europa del Este, ni con las revoluciones de colores, ni con las primaveras árabes.

Relacionado con esto ha aparecido una hipótesis interesante; tal vez alimentada por la formación religiosa de los empresarios, por la cercanía de algunos Caballeros de la Orden de Malta y miembros de La Obra al Cuba Study Group; pero sobre todo avalada por el hecho histórico de la participación de estas fuerzas en la transición desde los regímenes de Franco y Pinochet a la democracia. Lo concretamente postulado es que Saladrigas y De la Cruz serían los portadores de una recomendación del Club Bilderberg. Cosa que por demás empuja la pertenencia de José María Aznar (con quien se verán próximamente en Rosario Yoani Sánchez y Carlos Alberto Montaner) a El Club. Con la guinda de que tanto Fidel Castro, pero sobre todo Hugo Chávez, han sido críticos del Poder mundial. En cualquier caso, resulta más entretenido.

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-IMÁGENES: Escenas de Miami durante la Campaña por Elián: latinamericanstudies.org

Decepcionante declaraciones del cardenal Ortega

HAVANA — Cuba's Roman Catholic cardinal called for the liberation of some of the island's 200 political prisoners on Thursday after a rare sit-down with President Raul Castro, and said he thought his encounter with the Cuban leader was a "magnificent start" to serious dialogue.

"The church is interested in an alleviation of the situation (of the political prisoners) — the liberation of some of them, for example," Cardinal Jaime Ortega said, a day after he and another church leader, Archbishop Dionisio Garcia, held a four-hour discussion with Raul Castro at the Palace of the Revolution, the seat of Cuba's government.

The church has called previously for freedom for the island's prisoners of conscience, but doing so right after such a high profile meeting was unusual.

Ortega said in a news conference that he had also brought up the government's decision to bar the dissident Ladies in White from holding weekly marches. The group — comprised of the wives and mothers of jailed political prisoners — were stopped from protesting for three straight weekends in April and pro-government counter-protesters were brought in to shout abuse at them.

The standoff ended after Ortega's mediation, when the government agreed to allow the quiet protests to resume in return for assurances the women would not expand their activities.

The cardinal made clear that no deal on any prisoner releases or easing of measures against the opposition had been struck.

"We are not talking about any commitments. We are talking about conversations with the government, conversations that had a magnificent start yesterday (Wednesday) and that ought to continue in the near future," Ortega said.

The meeting was a sign of the church's growing influence on the island.

Garcia, who is archbishop of Santiago and leader of the Conference of Bishops of Cuba, said it was the first time the head of the bishops' group has met with the country's leader in five years, when Fidel Castro was still in charge. Fidel stepped down formally in 2008, turning power over to his brother.

"It was a very positive meeting," he told The Associated Press.

Garcia said that he thought "that there was good will" on the part of the government on the issue of dissidents.

A photo of a beaming Raul Castro with the two church leaders was printed on the front page of Thursday's Communist-party daily Granma, but the caption said little about what was discussed and made no mention of dissidents or political prisoners.

The government denies it holds political prisoners, and says dissidents are paid mercenaries of Washington, which has been at odds with Cuba since shortly after Fidel Castro overthrew dictator Fulgencia Batista in 1959.

Ortega has waded into politics several times in recent months, telling a church magazine in April that Cuba was in its worst crisis in years and that its citizens were clamoring for political and social change sooner rather than later.

The meeting between Castro and the church leaders comes a month before Vatican Foreign Minister Dominique Mamberti is scheduled to visit Cuba for talks on the island's economic challenges and the effects of emigration and the families torn apart by it.

Mamberti is the first top Vatican official to come since Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, secretary of state to Pope Benedict XVI, visited Cuba in February 2008.

Relations between the church and Cuba's government have often been strained. Tensions eased in the early 1990s when the government removed references to atheism in the constitution and allowed believers of all faiths to join the Communist Party. They warmed more when Pope John Paul II visited Cuba in 1998.

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Associated Press writer Paul Haven contributed to this report.