China’s one-child policy, instituted in 1979, has made it the most
gender-imbalanced country in the world, with 117.78 boys for every 100
girls. Since the Chinese culture traditionally favors males, massive
numbers of female babies have been aborted.
While the policy is blamed for societal flaws such as a depressed
“real exchange rate,” which damages the global economy, and a reduction
in the labor force, perhaps the most disturbing outcome of having
significantly more boys than girls is an increase in violent crimes.
Writing at the
New Republic,
Elizabeth Winkler reports that, in 2012, the Chinese government
estimated that China had 40 million more males than females, with the
difference growing larger each year.
While the country claims a reduction in the gender imbalance is a
national priority, largely due to economic reasons, China, and much of
the media, gloss over the fact that its one-child policy has been one of
the great human rights atrocities in world history. As
BBC.com reports, in 2000, for example, 90 percent of aborted babies were reportedly female.
Winkler writes that the resulting “gender imbalance” has likely led to the increase in China’s violent crimes.
In a recent
study published in
Asian Population Studies,
economists Jane Golley and Rod Tyers determined that the higher number
of males in China has led to excessive savings since families with boys
are competing to match up their sons with girls, who are scarce.
However, the investigators also found climbing rates of crime among
unmarried males.
Projecting outward to 2030 using a global dynamic model, the
researchers find “the proportion of unmatched unskilled Chinese men of
reproductive age could be as high as one in four by that time.”
They write:
Policies to rebalance the sex ratio at birth will take
decades to reduce the sex ratio at reproductive age and any associated
allowance for higher fertility would slow growth in real per capita
income. Yet our results suggest that more than offsetting gains could
accrue from productivity improvements stemming from reduced crime.
The researchers tap into previous research that has determined that China’s crime rate has indeed doubled over the last two decades.
China alone stands to have as many unmarried young men—“bare
branches,” as they are known—as the entire population of young men in
America. In any country rootless young males spell trouble; in Asian
societies, where marriage and children are the recognised routes into
society, single men are almost like outlaws. Crime rates, bride
trafficking, sexual violence, even female suicide rates are all rising
and will rise further as the lopsided generations reach their maturity.
Additionally, George J. Gilboy and Eric Heginbotham, writing at
Foreign Affairs
in October 2010, noted that China’s economy has continued to grow and
its per capita income increased as it has repealed taxes and invested in
infrastructure and a social safety net; nonetheless, social tensions
have grown more pronounced.
The authors write:
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) estimates that
incidents of social unrest have risen from about 40,000 in 2001 to
“over 90,000” in 2009. CASS also reports that these incidents are
becoming larger, more violent, more likely to cross provincial borders,
and more diverse in terms of participants and grievances.
A 2008 study in Social Science Research Network links
the increase in crime and violent behavior in China to the scarcity of
females. The research indicates that crime rates almost doubled in the
nation between 1992 and 2004, the same period in which sex ratios (males
to females) in the age grouping of 16-25 years, which is characterized
by a tendency toward crime, rose dramatically from 1.053 to 1.093.
The study found that "a
0.01 increase in the sex ratio raised the violent and property crime
rates by some 5-6%, suggesting that the increasing maleness of the young
adult population may account for as much as a third of the overall rise
in crime."
As Winkler observes, anthropological studies
confirm what instinctively seems true—that in cultures with excessive
men, males tend to engage in risky, “wife-seeking” behavior. When the
size of the pool of unmarried men is reduced and “normative monogamy”
occurs more often, rates for rape, murder, assault, robbery, and fraud
are all reduced.
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