Adela Hernandez, a biologically male Cuban who has lived as a female
since childhood, served two years in prison in the 1980s for
"dangerousness" after her own family denounced her sexuality.
This month she made history by becoming the first known transgender
person to hold public office in Cuba, winning election as a delegate to
the municipal government of Caibarien in the central province of Villa
Clara.
In a country where gays were persecuted for decades and sent to grueling
work camps in the countryside, Hernandez, 48, hailed her election as
yet another milestone in a gradual shift away from macho attitudes in
the years since Fidel Castro himself expressed regret over the treatment
of people perceived to be different.
"As time evolves, homophobic people — although they will always exist —
are the minority," Hernandez said by phone from her hometown.
Becoming a delegate "is a great triumph," she added.
Because she has not undergone sex-change surgery, Hernandez is legally
still a man in the eyes of the Cuban state: Jose Agustin Hernandez,
according to the civil registry. Hernandez, who switched back and forth
between feminine and masculine pronouns when referring to herself during
an interview, said she hasn't made a decision to seek an operation but
doesn't rule it out either.
Hernandez won office in early November by taking a runoff vote 280-170.
Her position is the equivalent of a city councilor, and her election
makes her eligible to be selected as a representative to Parliament in
early 2013.
For years after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, authorities hounded people of
differing sexual orientation and others considered threatening, such as
priests, long-haired youths and rock 'n' roll enthusiasts. But there
have been notable changes in attitudes toward sexuality.
"I would like to think that discrimination against homosexuals is a
problem that is being overcome," Fidel Castro told an interviewer some
years ago.
Since 2007 the island has been covering sex-change surgery under its
free health care system. Last year a gay man and a transsexual woman
whose operation was paid for by the state garnered headlines for their
first-of-its kind wedding.
The country's most prominent gay rights activist is Mariela Castro, Fidel's niece and current President Raul Castro's daughter.
As director of Cuba's National Center for Sex Education, Mariela Castro
has instituted awareness campaigns, trained police on relations with the
lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender community and lobbied parliament to
legalize same-sex unions.
Born in a sugar town in central Cuba, Hernandez was disowned by her
family and said it was her own father who reported her to authorities,
leading to her imprisonment. She had to change towns and defend herself
physically from attacks.
Over the decades she found work as a hospital janitor, then as a nurse
and most recently as an electrocardiogram technician. She also
established herself in the community and as a longtime member of her
neighborhood watch committee, which helped her win acceptance and laid
the groundwork for her election.
"My neighbors know me as Adela, the nurse," Hernandez said. "Sexual
preference does not determine whether you are a revolutionary or not.
That comes from within."
As an elected official she promised to advocate for her constituents'
interests, but said she also wants to be a voice for gay rights.
"I represent a community but I will always keep in mind the defense of gays," Hernandez said.
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