Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Petroleo. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Petroleo. Mostrar todas las entradas

martes, febrero 19, 2013

Cuentos chinos (y criollos) en el Caribe

Cubanalisis
Antonio Arencibia
A inicios de febrero captó mi atención el título “China se arriesga apostando al petróleo de Venezuela” [Ver], un trabajo del académico norteamericano Matt Ferchen, profesor residente del Centro de Política Global Carnegie en la Universidad Tsinghua de Pekín, sobre la reventa de petróleo venezolano en el mercado mundial por las compañías petroleras chinas, que lo obtienen mediante contratos con el gobierno de Hugo Chávez. [1]

En el mismo, el profesor Ferchen presenta las estadísticas de exportación de PDVSA a China en los años 2006 al 2011 y las de importación china de petróleo de Venezuela en el mismo período, que demuestran que en seis años hay 599,000 barriles que no llegaron al país asiático. Su conclusión es que ese faltante fue desviado y vendido por las compañías petroleras estatales chinas que tienen concesiones en el país sudamericano.

Dice también en su artículo, reproducido en este número de Cubanálisis, que:

PDVSA ha declarado sistemáticamente un promedio de alrededor de un tercio más de petróleo exportado a China que lo que China ha declarado como importaciones. Además, en algunos años, como en 2008 y 2009, las cifras oficiales de importación china eran de menos de la mitad y casi de la cuarta parte de las que daba oficialmente Venezuela como exportadas.

También destaca que una de las causas del desvío del crudo pesado venezolano son las serias dificultades tecnológicas para su refinación en China, a lo que se puede añadir la poca capacidad de esa industria y su ubicación en el norte y el nordeste chinos, lejos de las zonas costeras del sur por donde llegan los embarques de hidrocarburos procedentes de Venezuela. Para otros estudiosos del tema, la principal causa de la reventa en otros mercados es que así las petroleras chinas evitan los altos costos logísticos de transportar el petróleo en un viaje de 40 días de Venezuela a China. [2]

Sea cual fuere la razón de esa reventa, lo cierto es que va en sentido contrario a la proclamación china de 2001, por la cual se declaraba a Venezuela “socio estratégico para el desarrollo común” en relación mutuamente beneficiosa para los dos estados, que suponían por parte de China la necesidad de petróleo y por parte del gobierno de Chávez la decisión de facilitarlo en grandes cantidades y a largo plazo.

En lo que falla el importante trabajo del profesor Ferchen es cuando recomienda a los dirigentes chinos que cambien de estrategia económica y se desvinculen de los que llama eufemísticamente “gobiernos controvertidos”. Tampoco acierta cuando supone que el Banco de Desarrollo Chino o las empresas petroleras chinas en Venezuela hayan actuado en ese país de una forma que afecta hoy la “imagen” de China: pues siempre han obedecido las órdenes de sus jefes en Pekín.

Lo que sí nos tiene que llamar la atención es que ni el gobierno chino ni el “bolivariano” han comentado sobre esos desvíos sistemáticos de petróleo, a pesar de tener en sus manos la información. Por eso hay que analizar otros ejemplos de la relación chino-venezolana para dilucidar su esencia, que a veces parece guiada por la “cooperación mutuamente beneficiosa” y otras por las leyes del mercado.

Los cuentos de Chávez

 En 2007, cuando empezaba a consolidarse la sucesión de Raúl Castro, Hugo Chávez hizo un recorrido por la zona central de Cuba acompañado por Ramiro Valdés, y “pre-inauguró” la reparación de la refinería de Cienfuegos paralizada desde 1993.

Para Chávez la planta sería un elemento clave en Petrocaribe, su proyecto de cooperación petrolera con 14 países de la región. Por eso volvió a la ciudad de Cienfuegos en Cuba y durante la IV Cumbre de esa organización allí celebrada dijo:

Nosotros tenemos un plan para construir, entre nuevas refinerías y expansiones como esta, 10 nuevas refinerías y ocho expansiones de refinerías en el territorio de América Latina y el Caribe para los próximos 10 años, con una inversión que llega a 22,000 millones de dólares, que ya comenzamos, esta es la primera. [3]

Muy bien, ¿y de dónde saldría la “mil-millonada” requerida para hacer realidad esos proyectos? Claro está que del patrimonio petrolero de Venezuela, como garantía del capital invertido por los chinos.

Vamos a ver que ha venido quedando de aquel cuento chapista:

Entre 2007 y 2011 se empezaron los contactos con empresas y bancos chinos para analizar la ampliación de las capacidades de refinación de esa planta. Esto pareció materializarse en junio del 2011, cuando Xi Jinping, (entonces vicepresidente y actual dirigente máximo de China), en viaje oficial a Cuba, firmó varios acuerdos, entre ellos el de cooperación para ampliar la refinería de Cienfuegos, construir una planta de gas licuado, un muelle, y el dragado del puerto de esa ciudad.

La prensa oficial en Cuba y Venezuela informaba que esos proyectos estarían a cargo de la CNPCh (Corporación Nacional de Petróleo de China) y costarían 6 mil millones de dólares. El China Eximbank asumiría el 85% del financiamiento de la modernización de la planta cienfueguera para elevar la producción de 65 mil a 150 mil barriles diarios.

Las obras estarían a cargo de la Huanqiu Contracting Engineering Corp., brazo constructor de la CNPCh, que a su vez contrataba el diseño e ingeniería de la refinería a la empresa Technip Italy. Como parte del proyecto se levantarían una planta de gas natural licuado y una termoeléctrica. Como en tantos otros proyectos auspiciados por Chávez, la inversión estaba garantizada con la entrega de crudo a China por parte de PDVSA.

Luego vinieron algunas informaciones complementarias. En julio del 2011 la prensa del régimen reportaba entrevistas con el gerente de la empresa mixta cubano-venezolana para la petroquímica, que dijo que ya se había terminado el diseño de la planta de amoniaco, que se ubicaría junto a la futura terminal de gas natural licuado, pero no estaría en fase de arranque hasta el segundo semestre de 2015.

Otros dirigentes del llamado Polo Petroquímico de Cienfuegos aclaraban en aquellos días que la unidad que produciría el material para las “petro-casas”, que Chávez había prometido, no estaría lista hasta por lo menos el 2017, y que aunque se avanzaba en el movimiento de tierra todavía se estaba negociando el contrato con la Huanqiu.

Ahora llegan los cuentos criollos

Pero sorpresivamente, y hace solo unos días, Ricardo Caballero, presidente ejecutivo de la empresa mixta cubano-venezolana a cargo del costoso proyecto cienfueguero, ha informado a Reuters que están buscando financistas interesados en aportar los 6,000 millones de dólares necesarios para su implementación. [4]

Y aclaró que después que se encuentren los posibles inversionistas, se requerirán 45 meses para completar el proyecto, lo que significa que si tienen suerte en encontrar inmediatamente el capital, el proyecto no se concluirá por lo mínimo hasta fines del 2016.

Ya han ocurrido tres fracasos de transnacionales petroleras en la prospección de crudo con posibilidades comerciales en bloques de la Zona Económica Exclusiva de Cuba en el Golfo de México, y ahora se le ocurre al Sr. Caballero atraer inversionistas con el aliciente de que “si aparece petróleo muchas puertas se van a abrir”.

¿A qué viene con ese cuento? La realidad es que el único petróleo a refinar en Cienfuegos es el que llega de Venezuela, y que no le interesa a los chinos en este proyecto.

Nada dijo el señor presidente ejecutivo de la empresa cubano-venezolana acerca de la carta de intención firmada por los chinos en el 2011 para desarrollar el proyecto.

Tampoco han hecho declaraciones sobre la retractación de China de sus compromisos previos, ni los socios de Venezuela, ni las empresas petroleras y bancarias chinas involucradas en el proyecto hasta hoy, por lo que no queda más remedio que atribuir la marcha atrás de los asiáticos a la inestable situación política y económica de Venezuela. 

Esa crisis venezolana tiene que preocupar a Pekín, pues ha otorgado créditos al gobierno chavista por 42,500 millones de dólares, pero hay que decir que este no es el primer desaire chino al gobernante venezolano, desaires que se deben al disgusto ante las deficiencias del modelo que ha estado implantando Chávez en Venezuela.

Crisis del modelo “bolivariano”

A pesar de la construcción por parte de empresas chinas, tanto en su país como en Venezuela, de infraestructuras, refinerías, y hasta buques petroleros para asegurar el transporte del crudo venezolano, la producción de petróleo se ha reducido en un 22,0% en relación con los niveles de 1999.

Desde mucho antes de la grave enfermedad de Chávez los analistas han advertido que la falta de inversiones para incrementar las capacidades de producción de PDVSA, motivada por la escasez de créditos privados, ha llevado a que gran parte del petróleo venezolano se produzca mediante subcontratas a otras compañías.

Además, la inseguridad de los derechos de propiedad en el sector petrolero ha creado un clima negativo a los negocios en Venezuela, “que afecta en gran parte la conducta de China y otros países a comprometerse plenamente en inversiones en el petróleo venezolano”. [5]

Precisamente por las deficiencias de ese modelo “revolucionario bolivariano”, donde no hay negocios seguros, pero sí muchas promesas y cuentos, es que se explica que en el 2004 China diera marcha atrás a sus acuerdos con Fidel Castro y Hugo Chávez para invertir en la industria niquelífera cubana.

Ahora, su retirada del proyecto de Cienfuegos anuncia también que no se puede contar con capital chino para los planes faraónicos de Chávez de construir otras nueve refinerías en el Caribe.

Los chinos están buscando lugares para invertir con seriedad, como Canadá, donde la petrolera estatal china CNOOC Ltd acaba de conseguir la aprobación de su oferta de 15,100 millones de dólares por la compañía canadiense de gas y petróleo Nexen Inc. Con ello, el consorcio chino adquiere nuevas áreas petroleras en Alberta, Canadá y en el Medio Oriente, así como en aguas profundas del Mar del Norte, el Golfo de México y África Occidental. [6]

La crisis gubernamental que se desarrolla actualmente en Venezuela no va a hacer que los chinos pierdan el buen bocado energético de la Franja del Orinoco, porque ni los sucesores de Chávez, ni una hipotéticamente triunfante oposición, van a poner fin a las relaciones con China. Pero cualquiera que gobierne, como se ha visto con la devaluación de la moneda venezolana, va a tener que restringir el gasto público y abandonar muchos de los planes de Hugo Chávez.

Es decir, que al final, los chinos se quedan en Venezuela -y tan amigos- y se guardan muy bien de poner su dinero donde les conviene. Después de todo, los demás pueden hacerles cuentos, pero los mejores “cuentos chinos” los hacen los chinos mismos.

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Notas

[1] El trabajo del profesor M. Ferchen apareció publicado en The Jamestown Foundation el 1ro de febrero del 2013 con el título “China and Venezuela: Equity Oil and Political Risk” y una semana después fue publicado en Asia Times Online como “China at risk with Venezuela oil bet”. En la traducción que se publica en esta misma edición de Cubánalisis hemos utilizado este último título. Ver Matt Ferchen: “China se arriesga apostando al petróleo de Venezuela”.

 [2] Kevin Jianjun Tu, Chinese oil: an evolving strategy, www.chinadialog.net, 24.04.2012.

 [3] Hugo Chávez, Discurso de clausura de la IV Cumbre de Petrocaribe, Cienfuegos, Cuba, Juventud Rebelde, diciembre 23 del 2007.

[4] Jeff Frank, En medio de incertidumbre, Cuba busca financiamiento para expansión refinería, Reuters, febrero 11 de 2013.

[5] Maxime Tania, China´s energy security strategy towards Venezuela, University of Amsterdam, July 1st 2012, http://www.iias.nl/epa/files/Maxime%20Tania%20

 [6] Roberta Rampton and Scott Haggett, CNOOC-Nexen deal wins U.S. approval, its last hurdle, Reuters, Feb 14, 2013.

viernes, enero 18, 2013

What The Heck Is This Odd Clump Of Lights Spotted By NASA?

theblaze/
Let’s play a little game. Take a look below and see if anything stands out to you in this nighttime satellite picture from NASA:
Can You Figure Out What This Odd Clump of Lights Is Thats Been Revealed By NASA Satellite Images?
Suomi NPP Satellite/NASA Earth Observatory

Unsure what you’re looking for? Let’s highlight the anomaly:
Can You Figure Out What This Odd Clump of Lights Is Thats Been Revealed By NASA Satellite Images?
Suomi NPP Satellite/NASA Earth Observatory (added graphics by TheBlaze)
So, do you have any guesses? If you said UFO, you’re way off. If you said secret nuclear facility, you’re still way off. But if you said that looks a lot like an oil boomtown, you’re onto something. According to NPR, those are thousands of oil rigs drilling into the North Dakota earth: That state has become the latest oil field to become an exploration must.
Here’s how NPR explains it (emphasis added):
There’s a patch that looks like a big city — but there is no big city in that part of North Dakota. There’s mostly grass. So what are those lights doing there? What is that?
[...]
What we have here is an immense and startlingly new oil and gas field — nighttime evidence of an oil boom created by a technology called fracking. Those lights are rigs, hundreds of them, lit at night, or fiery flares of natural gas. One hundred fifty oil companies, big ones, little ones, wildcatters, have flooded this region, drilling up to eight new wells every day on what is called the Bakken formation. Altogether, they are now producing 660,000 barrels a day — double the output two years ago — so that in no time at all, North Dakota is now the second-largest oil producing state in America. Only Texas produces more, and those lights are a sign that this region is now on fire … to a disturbing degree. Literally.
But wait, there’s more (emphasis added):
Six years ago, this region was close to empty. The few ranchers who lived here produced wheat, alfalfa, oats and corn. The U.S. Geological Survey knew there were oil deposits underground, but deep down, 2 miles below the surface. It wasn’t till this century that the industry developed a way to pull that oil to the surface at a cost that made it practical. Fracking, as you probably know, means pumping water and chemicals down pipes, fracturing the rock, releasing the oil. The technology is hugely controversial, in part because of those lights.
When oil comes to the surface, it often brings natural gas with it, and according to North Dakota’s Department of Mineral Resources, 29 percent of the natural gas now extracted in North Dakota is flared off. Gas isn’t as profitable as oil, and the energy companies don’t always build the pipes or systems to carry it away. For a year (with extensions), North Dakota allows drillers to burn gas, just let it flare. There are now so many gas wells burning fires in the North Dakota night, the fracking fields can be seen from deep space.
And if North Dakota becoming the number two oil state in America didn’t prove how fast it’s booming, maybe this stat will (emphasis added): “This oil rush is so sudden, so enormous, North Dakota now has the lowest unemployment rate in the country. More than 41,000 workers got jobs there between 2008 and 2012. Only seven years ago, the U.S. was importing 60 percent of its oil. Now imports are down to 42 percent. The Bakken fields are helping to improve energy security.”
But with that boom also comes a darker side. Why? Because the influx of out-of-state workers looking to cash in by working in the oil fields mean there are now ​a lot ​more men than women in many of these boomtowns (some say 2-1). And when that happens, some women figure out that some men will pay a lot of money for certain adult services. The New York Times recently visited one such town — Williston, N.D. — and chronicled the sudden rise of the adult industry there (emphasis added):
Christina Knapp and a friend were drinking shots at a bar in a nearby town several weeks ago when a table of about five men called them over and made an offer.
They would pay the women $3,000 to strip naked and serve them beer at their house while they watched mixed martial arts fights on television. Ms. Knapp, 22, declined, but the men kept raising the offer, reaching $7,000.
“I said I make more money doing my job than degrading myself to do that,” said Ms. Knapp, a tattoo artist with dark streaks in her light brown hair, a bird tattoo on her chest and piercings above her lip and left cheekbone.
The rich shale oil formation deep below the rolling pastures here has attracted droves of young men to work the labor-intensive jobs that get the wells flowing and often generate six-figure salaries. What the oil boom has not brought, however, are enough single women.
At work, at housing camps and in bars and restaurants, men have been left to mingle with their own. High heels and skirts are as rare around here as veggie burgers. Some men liken the environment to the military or prison.
[...]
Some women have banked on the female shortage. Williston’s two strip clubs attract dancers from around the country. Prostitutes from out of state troll the bars.
Natasha, 31, an escort and stripper from Las Vegas, is currently on her second stint here after hearing how much money strippers made in Williston on a CNN report last year. Business in her industry is much better here than in the rest of the country, she said. She makes at least $500 a night, but more often she exceeds $1,000.
“We make a lot of money because there’s a lot of lonely guys,” she said.
And the Times’ money-making figures could be a low, according to Business Insider: “That may be a conservative estimate as word last year was dancers were making two to three times that amount, but club owners were concerned with IRS attention and prohibited employees from speaking to the press.”
It seems both men and women are flocking to the town for the big bucks.

martes, enero 08, 2013

How Big is Canada's Oil Subsidy to the U.S.?


huffingtonpost.ca
Consider the tale of Suncor and Canadian Natural Resources, two of the largest oil sands producers in Alberta. Outwardly, they may appear quite similar. Each produces hundreds of thousands of barrels a day from the oil sands. And most of that oil eventually ends up in the same place -- gas tanks across the continent. The path it takes to get there, however, is another story. The difference is a microcosm of the predicament Canada's energy industry currently faces.
Over the last few years, Suncor's emphasis has shifted from exponential production growth to milking the full value of what it digs out of the ground. Fortunately for Suncor, it processes nearly all of the bitumen it pulls from the oil sands in its own refineries.
On the other hand, CNRL, like most oil sands producers, exports raw bitumen to the United States. In so doing, however, the company also transfers an enormous amount of wealth from its Canadian operations to American refiners in the Midwest.
In the refining business, the difference between what a refinery pays for its inputs (like crude or bitumen) and the price it gets for finished products (like gasoline or diesel) is known as a crack spread. The glut of oil coming from Canadian producers means Midwest refineries are enjoying crack spreads up to five times larger than those seen by American coastal refineries, which pay world prices for their feedstock.
Investors have certainly noticed what such large crack spreads mean for the bottom line. CNRL, which lacks its own refineries, is forced to sell its raw product at a heavy discount, thereby missing out on those juicy refining margins. Suncor, on the other hand, is able to capture the huge crack spreads through its downstream refining operations. In 2012, CNRL's stock fell more than 20 percent, while Suncor's gained more than 10 percent.
The issue is writ large in the price differential between West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and Brent crude. Although WTI is often quoted in North America as the price of oil, Brent is actually the global benchmark for crude. Unfortunately for Canadian producers, lately the spot price of Brent has been as much as $25 a barrel higher than that of WTI.
While Canadian oil sands producers are the main victims of this price gap, they're also, somewhat ironically, its principal cause. Without more pipeline infrastructure to offload oil to other markets, oil sands crude, as well as shale oil from the Bakken play in North Dakota, has no where else to go. More production from these places only boosts supply, further lowering the price of WTI.
Aside from a few hundred thousand barrels a day from wells offshore Newfoundland that get Brent prices, virtually all of Canada's 2.4 million barrels a day are priced off WTI.
More >>

miércoles, enero 02, 2013

Bad News for Canada's Oil and Gas Industry

peakoil
nextbigfuture.com
Within the last two weeks, the oil market delivered some bad news for oil and gas companies operating in Western Canada. The bad news can be summarized by the headline of an article on the commodity page of the Financial Times: “Canada’s oil becomes cheapest in world amid glut in Alberta.”
The forces that have created this situation include surging oil production, lower demand due to refinery maintenance and a chronic shortage of pipeline capacity to move growing volumes beyond the regional Canadian market. The impact of these conditions caused the price for Western Canada Select, the regional benchmark for low quality, viscous heavy oil, to fall below $45 a barrel, less than half the cost of other crude oil benchmarks. This price disparity is estimated to be costing the Canadian oil and gas industry about C$2.5 billion per month, or an annualized income loss of C$30 billion, or about 1.6% of Canada’s gross domestic product.
With the price of Canada’s heavy oil this low, it is selling for less than half the $111 a barrel price (December 26, 2012) consumers are paying for Brent oil, the global oil benchmark. Furthermore, Canada’s oil is now selling at about $41 a barrel below the United States’ benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude oil, which in turn is trading nearly $23 a barrel below Brent.
The gap between WTI and Canada’s oil price is the most since December 2007. Prospects are that the situation is likely to get worse in the first half of 2013 before it improves. These low levels for the benchmark crude oils of North America reflect surging production in the United States that has been unleashed by the oil shale revolution and the rise in Canada’s oil sands output. Based on the latest data available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA), Canada’s oil production has climbed above four million barrels a day (mmb/d) while U.S. production is the highest it has been since 1998. Until oil consumption ramps up, or Canada finds another export market or the U.S. government liberalizes its oil export restrictions, the glut in North American heavy oil will continue to grow.
Since 2000, with the growth in oil sands output, Alberta’s total oil production has increased by about 1.4 mmb/d. Plans call for an additional 100,000 barrels per day of oil sands output coming on line early next year from Imperial Oil Company’s (IMO-NYSE) new Kearl mine. Canada’s production growth is about equal to the output of Libya, a mid-sized OPEC producer, showing the significance of the country’s new output in the global oil market.
Until this production glut is resolved, Canada’ crude oil will continue to sell at a steep discount to other benchmark crude oils, costing Canadian producers significant cash flow. That means there is a growing likelihood that as this wide price gap continues producers will be forced to reduce their expenditures compared to what they would spend otherwise. That could be bad news for the Canadian oil and oilfield service industry in the second half of 2013 if the pricing gap doesn’t shrink.

sábado, diciembre 29, 2012

Guess what 'fossil' fuels don't come from

dailygalaxy.com
NEW YORK – Astronomers are providing new evidence hydrocarbons are not a biological product but instead are created by inorganic chemical processes that occur on a continuing basis.
Scientists working at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, using the 30-meter telescope of the Institute for Radio Astronomy, have discovered a vast cloud of hydrocarbons within the Horse Head Nebula galaxy in the Orion constellation, according to reports published in The Daily Galaxy and in the oil industry publication Rigzone.
“We observed the operation of a natural refinery of gigantic size,” astronomer Jerome Pety told The Daily Galaxy.
Astronomer Viviana Guzman explained to both publications that the nebula contains 200 times more hydrocarbons than the total amount of water on Earth.
In 1951, Russian scientist and professor Nikolai Kudryavtsev articulated what today has become known as the Russian-Ukranian theory of deep, abiotic petroleum origins.
Essentially, the theory rejects the contention that oil was formed from the remains of ancient plant and animal life that died millions of years ago.
Thomas Gold was a professor of astronomy who taught at Cornell University and died in 2004, at 84 years old. In 1998, when he was 78, he published a controversial book , “The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels.”
As an astronomer, Gold was well aware that hydrocarbons are abundant in the universe. Since the early part of the 20th century, spectrographs that analyze wavelengths have permitted astronomers to determine with certainty that carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, right after hydrogen, helium and oxygen.
Furthermore, Gold wrote, among planetary bodies, “carbon is found mostly in compounds with hydrogen – hydrocarbons – which, at different temperatures and pressures, may be gaseous, liquid, or solid.”
“Astronomical techniques have thus produced clear and indisputable evidence that hydrocarbons are major constituents of bodies great and small within our solar system (and beyond),” he said.
In other words, hydrocarbons are not “organic chemicals” resulting from life processes on earth, as is commonly assumed by proponents of the fossil fuel theory.
Rather, Gold argued, hydrogen is a fundamental element readily available in the universe that combines with carbon to form hydrocarbons, whether life is present or not.
What astronomers have known about the abundance of hydrocarbons in the universe, however, has not passed on to geologists. In contrast, geologists think of hydrocarbons as forming only through the activity of life – either in building life through photosynthesis or when forms of life die.
Abiotic oil found on Titan
NASA scientists, in conjunction with the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency, have determined from a Cassini-Huygens probe that landed in 2005 on Titan, the giant moon of Saturn, that Titan contains abundant methane.
“We have determined that Titan’s methane is not of biological origin, so it must be replenished by geological processes on Titan, perhaps venting from a supply in the interior that could have been trapped there as the moon formed,” Hasso Niemann of the Goddard Space Flight Center told reporters Nov. 30, 2005.
The Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, or GCMS, an instrument that identifies different atmospheric constituents by their mass, provided measurements demonstrating the methane on Titan is composed of Carbon-13, the isotope of carbon associated with inorganic or abiotic origins, whereas living organisms are typically associated with Carbon-12.
Each Carbon-13 atom has an extra neutron in its nucleus, making Carbon-13 atoms slightly heavier than Carbon-12 atoms, permitting the GCMS to distinguish between methane isotopes with Carbon-12 and methane with Carbon-13 atoms.
Titan has hundreds of times more liquid hydrocarbons than all the known oil and natural gas reserves on Earth, according to a team of Johns Hopkins scientists reporting in February 2008 on their new findings from data collected from Cassini-Huygens probe radar data.
“Several hundred lakes or seas have been discovered, of which dozens are estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than the entire known oil and gas reserves on Earth,” wrote lead scientist Ralph Lorenz of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., in the Jan. 29, 2008, issue of the Geophysical Research Letters.
Lorenz also reported dark dunes running along the equator cover 20 percent of Titan’s surface, comprising a volume of hydrocarbon material several hundred times larger than Earth’s coal reserves.
“Titan is just covered in carbon-bearing material – it’s a giant factory of organic chemicals,” Lorenz wrote.

sábado, diciembre 15, 2012

Canada in 2013: It’s all about the oil

By Jonathan Kay, Special to CNN
thetruthaboutcars.com
Editor’s note: Jonathan Kay is the Managing Editor for Comment at Canada’s National Post newspaper and a fellow at the Washington, D.C.-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Follow him @jonkay. The views expressed are his own.
Canada is in a fortunate position relative to other developed Western nations. Our government is stable. Our budget deficit is small. Our real estate market is healthy (if somewhat overheated). And unemployment is relatively low. Only the occasional flourish of Quebec separatism keeps things lively in the Great White North. The biggest challenge my country will face in 2013 – and for many years after that – will be the problem of plenty. Specifically, how will Canada manage its large and growing oil wealth?
Canada currently produces just over 3 million barrels of oil per day (b/d), making us the world’s 7th largest producer, and the single largest supplier of oil imports to the U.S. market. Thanks to the ongoing expansion of Alberta's oil sands, production is expected to more than double by 2030, to 6.2-million b/d, transforming Canadian into an energy superpower.
But there is a problem: The vast majority of the country’s oil wealth is landlocked in northern Alberta. And the existing pipeline network, which connects the large Canadian hubs at Edmonton and Hardisty, Alberta to the main American terminals in Oklahoma and Illinois, is inadequate. Half of America’s 18 million b/d refining capacity sits on or near the Gulf Coast. But barely any Canadian oil gets there (in part because of America's own oil pipeline bottleneck at Cushing, Oklahoma).
For this reason, in 2013, Canada’s government and oil producers will be making a big push for U.S. President Barack Obama to reconsider the Keystone XL pipeline project, which could bring 830,000 b/d from Hardisty, Alberta to Steele City, Nebraska.
Perhaps more important for Canadian producers, in the long run, is the massive and growing Asian market.
China’s net oil imports are projected to double between now and 2030, from 5.7 million to more than 12 million b/d. India's net imports, likewise, will grow from about 3 million to about 6 million b/d. Yet despite the spider web of pipelines that cover the North American Midwest, there is just a single oil route to the west coast from Alberta – the 300,000 b/d Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Pipeline, leading to Vancouver and Puget Sound.
And so an important challenge for Canada in 2013 and beyond will be to move forward on pipeline projects that expand our access to Asian markets, including both a possible expansion of the Trans Mountain pipeline (bringing capacity up to 750,000 b/d), and a completely new 36" diameter, 730-mile pipeline called the Enbridge Northern Gateway, which eventually could transport as much as 850,000 b/d of diluted Alberta bitumen to a new marine terminal near Kitimat, British Columbia, for sale to Asian markets.
Construction of the Northern Gateway pipeline would provide a huge boost to the Canadian oil industry. But its chances of going ahead in its currently planned form in 2013 are very slim, for a variety of very all-too Canadian reasons – including bickering involving the federal and British Columbia government over revenues, massive opposition from aboriginal bands, and an extremely effective anti-pipeline campaign mounted by British Columbia's powerful environmental lobby. In fact, many analysts believe the pipeline will never get built, leaving Canadian oil producers largely hostage to the American energy market.
Stresses are appearing in Canadian public life not only over the question of what to do with our oil, but also over what to do with the money we earn from it.
Thanks to Canada’s “equalization” policy, billions of dollars are shuttled (indirectly) from the country’s richest provinces to its poorest on an annual basis. In recent years, this has meant that oil-rich Alberta (per capita GDP = about $78,000) generously subsidizes the welfare-state policies of an out-at-the-elbows Quebec (per capita GDP = about $43,000). This has created no small measure of rancor in the country, especially because Quebec's left-wing, environmentalist politicians have made a habit of attacking Alberta’s oil industry for its pollution and contribution to global warming, essentially biting the hand that feeds them.
At one point in 2012, Canada’s leading opposition politician, Thomas Mulcair (who is from Quebec), even declared that the oil sands were giving Canada a case of what economists call “Dutch Disease,” whereby high priced commodity exports cause the Canadian dollar to appreciate, thereby rendering our manufacturing industries uncompetitive in global markets. The remark was front page news for days, and continues to stick in the craw of many Albertans.
All in all, managing the oil file will be Canada's biggest challenge in 2013. Like a family that has won the lottery, we Canadians are delighted by our newfound wealth. But turning it into useful income has become unexpectedly problematic, due to our geography, fractured political landscape, troubled historical relationship with First Nations, and environmental focus. The fight between our squabbling regions and constituencies over the best way to proceed has only just begun.

viernes, diciembre 14, 2012

Breakingviews: Brazil's missed opportunity

ReutersVideo
Breakingviews columnists discuss why the promise of Brazil's oil industry hasn't materialized and what President Dilma Rousseff could do to change that and boost economic growth.

lunes, diciembre 10, 2012

Muclair criticizes CNOOC decision to approve Nexen deal

NDP Leader Mulcair said "Nexen shareholders in Mr. Harper's oilpatch" are the only Canadians he sees benefiting from the decision to approve CNOOC Ltd.'s purchase of Nexen Inc. He also said the government's new rules on foreign investments by state-owned enterprises are unclear.

China's government reacts to approved Nexen takeover

GlobalToronto
The Chinese government is reacting positively to Canada's approval of the takeover of Nexen energy. Paul Johnson reports.

viernes, diciembre 07, 2012

Ottawa approves foreign takeover bids for Nexen and Progress

Both companies are owned by Chinese and Malaysian governments respectively.
Nexen's Long Lake Tank Farm in north eastern Alberta (Photo: Dave Olecko/Nexen)
The Canadian government has approved two major energy takeover deals by state-owned Asian corporations, giving the greenlight to CNOOC's $15.1-billion bid for Calgary's Nexen Inc. and Petronas's $5.23-billion deal for Progress Energy Resources Corp.

viernes, noviembre 02, 2012

U.S. Energy Independence

TIME senior editor Bryan Walsh explains a hot topic from the presidential race, whether the U.S. can truly be energy independent.

miércoles, septiembre 05, 2012

Canadian oil sands going to Chinese's hands?

By Matthew McClearn/


If you applied Murphy’s Law to the oilsands, the result would look a lot like Long Lake. The oilsands project was predicated on a novel Israeli-developed gasification process intended to reduce the project’s natural gas consumption. Now that natural gas has become dirt cheap, the benefits of this technically challenging approach hardly seem worth the effort. Long Lake’s startup in 2008 was delayed nearly six months, and it has lagged well behind schedule ever since. The anticipated flood of 72,000 barrels per day turned out to be more of a trickle. (During this year’s first quarter, it reached 34,500 barrels per day.) The cost overruns were horrendous even by Fort McMurray standards. Long Lake is, in short, the Florida swampland of Alberta’s oilsands region. All of which prompts the question: Who’d want to buy it?
On July 23, the China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) revealed its offer to purchase all shares of Long Lake’s majority owner, Nexen. It’s prepared to pay dearly: at 61% above the share price, the premium is roughly double the average in Canadian acquisitions. That’s likely sufficient to dissuade others from bidding. (CNOOC is nothing if not determined: it already owns Nexen’s former partner at Long Lake, Opti Canada, having bought that insolvent company last year for $2.1 billion.) Fortunately for CNOOC, Long Lake is actually something of a sideshow: most of Nexen’s assets lie outside Canada—in the U.K., Yemen and the U.S.
China’s appetite for energy and raw materials is voracious. But this overture bears greater significance—as a trial run for possible future investment. If consummated, this would be China’s largest-ever overseas takeover by a considerable margin. It’s also outside China’s traditional hunting grounds in the developing world. The implications for Canada are equally momentous. This might be regarded as a second chance to build a meaningful economic relationship with what has become, by many measures, the world’s second-largest economy.
A few years ago, the federal government reversed what had been an antagonistic stance toward Beijing. This thawing process gained greater urgency following the U.S. government’s decision last year to delay approval of TransCanada Corp’s proposed Keystone XL pipeline, a conduit for oilsands product. Ottawa now worries Canada’s traditional partner is losing enthusiasm for buying and investing in our filthy crude. Canada’s energy sector has also suffered lately from a combination of oversupply and stagnant U.S. demand, resulting in discounted prices. Greg Priddy, an analyst with political-risk consultancy Eurasia Group, noted in a recent commentary that “the Alberta and federal governments, along with the oil and gas sector, broadly support the effort to diversify Canadian energy exports to high growth markets in Asia. More >>

miércoles, agosto 29, 2012

#Cuba - Incrementan capacidades de almacenamiento de combustible

dado que los medios de comunicacion del regimen de la'bana transmiten los mensajes con un proposito preciso, surgen varias interrogantes ante posibles escenarios energeticos del pais:
  • de acuerdo a cierto cronograma de exploracion y explotacion de nuevos yacimientos de crudos que requieren capacidades adicionales de almacenamiento;
  • incremento de los suministros petroleros venezolanos con destino a su reexportacion a la alza de los mercados del crudo;
  • creacion de reservas estrategicas ante la posibilidad de disminucion o suspension de los envios chavistas asociados a un proximo escenario electoral -octubre- donde resulte derrotado en las urnas; la imposibilidad del mismo de no poder mantener los actuales volumenes por presiones financieras y/o politicas, o un deterioro de su salud que conduzca a nuevos sujetos a las riendas del pais.
 alguna sugerencia???

martes, julio 10, 2012

Peak Oil Oppositional Disorder: Neurosis or Psychosis?

ClubOrlov/

The latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has grown to include 297 disorders, but it seems that there is always room for one more.
Richard Heinberg recently published an article that addresses various recent claims that Peak Oil is no longer a concern. His term for the phenomenon is “peak denial.” It sounds good, and dovetails nicely with Richard's overall theme of “peak everything.” It's a thoughtful piece that does a thorough job of exposing the surreal nature of the optimists' projections, and I have no issues with his argument. I do, however, have an issue with his terminology. First, since denial does not happen to be a nonrenewable resource with a characterizable depletion profile, its peak, should we detect one, is not particularly meaningful, because it could just as easily peak again tomorrow and then again next century. Second, I suspect that “denial” is no longer the right word to describe the social phenomenon we are currently observing. I think that Ugo Bardi pointed us in the right direction: in his article reacting to George Monbiot's assertion that "We were wrong about peak oil, there is enough to fry us all," Ugo characterized Monbiot's approach to Peak Oil using another word: “delusion.”

If you feel that the distinction between denial and delusion is just a minor, innocuous terminological difference—a gratuitous splitting of hairs on my part—then pardon me while I whip out my Sigmund Freud: in The Loss of Reality in Neurosis and Psychosis [1924] he wrote the following: “Neurosis does not disavow the reality, it ignores it; psychosis disavows it and tries to replace it.” [p. 185] What psychosis replaces reality with is delusion.

More >>

sábado, junio 23, 2012

America's oil supply getting 'kidnapped'?

http://www.wnd.com/
There are the pirates who plunder, steal and kidnap. There also are the kidnappers who want to make a political statement or cash in on a ransom. And there are attacks just for the sake of violence.
These are among the dangers that international energy production companies are facing – in addition, of course, to the drilling hazards and other technical obstacles to retrieving and bringing to market energy products.
That’s according to an interview with two international energy industry experts published by OilPrice.com
The interview, conducted by Jen Alic and posted on the OilPrice.com website, was with Michael Bagley, president of Jellyfish, a global boutique intelligence firm that combines on-the-ground intelligence collection and analysis with an unprecedented country-to-country economic diplomacy program that helps governments, corporations, institutions and private individuals forge secure partnerships, discover new opportunities and mitigate operational risks.
Also interviewed was Jennifer Giroux, a global security expert who specializes in emerging threats to energy infrastructure in conflict-affected regions.
The full interview with Bagley and Giroux:

After Obama Gives Brazil 10 Billion Tax Payer Dollars China, Not America Set To Benefit

A Time For Choosing/ By Gary P Jackson
Back in 2009 the Obama regime announced it was going to “loan” Brazilian oil giant Petrobas $10 billion. It just so happens, as was reported at the time, George Soros bought controlling interest in the state controlled oil company, just before the “loan.”
It was also reported at the time the China Development Bank made a similar loan to Petrobas.
Just a year ago Obama was in Brazil telling them he wanted to help them with America technology and other tangibles. He also said he wanted the United States to be one of Brazil’s best customers:
Well, as this report from the Washington Times says. Obama may want the oil, but China is getting it!
BUENOS AIRES — Off the coast of Rio de Janeiro — below a mile of water and two miles of shifting rock, sand and salt — is an ultradeep sea of oil that could turn Brazil into the world’s fourth-largest oil producer, behind Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States.
The country’s state-controlled oil company, Petrobras, expects to pump 4.9 million barrels a day from the country’s oil fields by 2020, with 40 percent of that coming from the seabed. One and a half million barrels will be bound for export markets.
The United States wants it, but China is getting it.
Less than a month after President Obama visited Brazil in March to make a pitch for oil, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff was off to Beijing to sign oil contracts with two huge state-owned Chinese companies.
The deals are part of a growing oil relationship between the two countries that, thanks to a series of billion-dollar agreements, is giving China greater influence over Brazil’s oil frontier.
Chinese oil companies are pushing to meet mandatory expansion targets by inking deals across Africa and Latin America, but they are especially interested in Brazil.
With the Lula and Carioca discoveries alone, Brazil added a possible 38 billion barrels of estimated recoverable oil,” said Luis Giusti, a former president of Venezuela’s state oil company, PDVSA, referring to the new Brazilian oil fields.
That immediately changed the picture,” he said, adding that Brazil is on track to become “an oil giant.”
During Mrs. Rousseff’s visit to China, Brazil’s Petrobras signed a technology cooperation deal with the China Petroleum & Chemical Corp., or Sinopec.
Petrobras also signed a memorandum of understanding with Sinochem, a massive state-owned company with interests in energy, real estate and agrichemicals.
The Sinochem deal aims to identify and build “business opportunities in the fields of exploration and production, oil commercialization and mature oil-field recovery,” according to Petrobras.
The relationship with China goes back to at least two years before Mr. Obama came to Brazil to applaud the oil discovery and tell Mrs. Rouseff:
We want to work with you. We want to help with technology and support to develop these oil reserves safely, and, when you’re ready to start selling, we want to be one of your best customers.”
China rescued Petrobras in 2009, when the oil company was looking at tight credit markets to finance a record-setting $224 billion investment plan. China’s national development bank offered a $10 billion loan on the condition that Petrobras ship oil to China for 10 years.
A chunk of Brazil’s oil real estate appeared on China’s portfolio in 2010, when Sinopec agreed to pay $7.1 billion for 40 percent of Repsol-YPF of Brazil, which has stakes in the now internationally famous Santos Basin, and the Sapinhoa field, which has an estimated recoverable volume of 2.1 billion barrels. Statoil of Norway also agreed that year to sell 40 percent of the offshore Peregrino field to Sinochem.
Read more here.
The obvious question is why did Obama give all of that money to Petrobas, knowing the Chinese already had deals in place that would give them control over what happened with the oil?
Oh that’s right:
Reading the Constitution, there are very narrow and specific definitions of treason. That said, what Obama has done and is continuing to do must somehow rise to the level of a crime that he should be punished for. Something stronger than impeachment, which would only see him removed from office, something that will [hopefully] happen after the November election.
Obama is purposely doing anything and everything to destroy America’s ability to become energy independent, while at the same time doing anything and everything to enrich his cronies.
George Soros and Warren Buffett are making out big time thanks to Obama’s oil policies, and there are dozens of “Solyndras” out there who have stolen tax payer money under the guise of “green energy” and “saving the planet”!
People need to go to jail over this stuff. A lot of people. Starting with Obama.
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Retratos de fusilados por el Castrismo - Juan Abreu

"Hablame"

"EN TIEMPOS DIFÍCILES" - Heberto Padilla

A aquel hombre le pidieron su tiempo

para que lo juntara al tiempo de la Historia.

Le pidieron las manos,

porque para una época difícil

nada hay mejor que un par de buenas manos.

Le pidieron los ojos

que alguna vez tuvieron lágrimas

para que contemplara el lado claro

(especialmente el lado claro de la vida)

porque para el horror basta un ojo de asombro.

Le pidieron sus labios

resecos y cuarteados para afirmar,

para erigir, con cada afirmación, un sueño

(el-alto-sueño);

le pidieron las piernas

duras y nudosas

(sus viejas piernas andariegas),

porque en tiempos difíciles

¿algo hay mejor que un par de piernas

para la construcción o la trinchera?

Le pidieron el bosque que lo nutrió de niño,

con su árbol obediente.

Le pidieron el pecho, el corazón, los hombros.

Le dijeron

que eso era estrictamente necesario.

Le explicaron después

que toda esta donación resultaria inútil.

sin entregar la lengua,

porque en tiempos difíciles

nada es tan útil para atajar el odio o la mentira.

Y finalmente le rogaron

que, por favor, echase a andar,

porque en tiempos difíciles

esta es, sin duda, la prueba decisiva.

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La columna de Cubanalisis

NEOCASTRISMO [Hacer click en la imagen]

NEOCASTRISMO [Hacer click en la imagen]
¨Saturno jugando con sus hijos¨/ Pedro Pablo Oliva

Seguidores

Carta desde la carcel de Fidel Castro Ruz

“…después de todo, para mí la cárcel es un buen descanso, que sólo tiene de malo el que es obligatorio. Leo mucho y estudio mucho. Parece increíble, las horas pasan como si fuesen minutos y yo, que soy de temperamento intranquilo, me paso el día leyendo, apenas sin moverme para nada. La correspondencia llega normalmente…”

“…Como soy cocinero, de vez en cuando me entretengo preparando algún pisto. Hace poco me mandó mi hermana desde Oriente un pequeño jamón y preparé un bisté con jalea de guayaba. También preparo spaghettis de vez en cuando, de distintas formas, inventadas todas por mí; o bien tortilla de queso. ¡Ah! ¡Qué bien me quedan! por supuesto, que el repertorio no se queda ahí. Cuelo también café que me queda muy sabroso”.
“…En cuanto a fumar, en estos días pasados he estado rico: una caja de tabacos H. Upman del doctor Miró Cardona, dos cajas muy buenas de mi hermano Ramón….”.
“Me voy a cenar: spaghettis con calamares, bombones italianos de postre, café acabadito de colar y después un H. Upman #4. ¿No me envidias?”.
“…Me cuidan, me cuidan un poquito entre todos. No le hacen caso a uno, siempre estoy peleando para que no me manden nada. Cuando cojo el sol por la mañana en shorts y siento el aire de mar, me parece que estoy en una playa… ¡Me van a hacer creer que estoy de vacaciones! ¿Qué diría Carlos Marx de semejantes revolucionarios?”.

Quotes

¨La patria es dicha de todos, y dolor de todos, y cielo para todos, y no feudo ni capellaní­a de nadie¨ - Marti

"No temas ni a la prision, ni a la pobreza, ni a la muerte. Teme al miedo"
-
Giacomo Leopardi

¨Por eso es muy importante, Vicky, hijo mío, que recuerdes siempre para qué sirve la cabeza: para atravesar paredes¨Halvar de Flake [El vikingo]

"Como no me he preocupado de nacer, no me preocupo de morir" - Lorca

"Al final, no os preguntarán qué habéis sabido, sino qué habéis hecho" - Jean de Gerson

"Si queremos que todo siga como está, es necesario que todo cambie" - Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa

"Todo hombre paga su grandeza con muchas pequeñeces, su victoria con muchas derrotas, su riqueza con múltiples quiebras" - Giovanni Papini


"Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans" - John Lennon

"Habla bajo, lleva siempre un gran palo y llegarás lejos" - Proverbio Africano

"No hay medicina para el miedo" - Proverbio escoces

"El supremo arte de la guerra es doblegar al enemigo sin luchar"
- Sun Tzu

"You do not really understand something unless you can explain it to your grandmother" - Albert Einstein

"It is inaccurate to say I hate everything. I am strongly in favor of common sense, common honesty, and common decency. This makes me forever ineligible for public office" - H. L. Menken

"I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented" - Elie Wiesel

"Stay hungry, stay foolish" -
Steve Jobs

"If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert , in five years ther'ed be a shortage of sand" - Milton Friedman

"The tragedy of modern man is not that he knows less and less about the meaning of his own life, but that it bothers him less and less" - Vaclav Havel

"No se puede controlar el resultado, pero si lo que uno haga para alcanzarlo" -
Vitor Belfort [MMA Fighter]

Liborio

Liborio
A la puerta de la gloria está San Pedro sentado y ve llegar a su lado a un hombre de cierta historia. No consigue hacer memoria y le pregunta con celo: ¿Quién eras allá en el suelo? Era Liborio mi nombre. Has sufrido mucho, hombre, entra, te has ganado el cielo.

Para Raul Castro

Cuba ocupa el penultimo lugar en el mundo en libertad economica solo superada por Corea del Norte.

Cuba ocupa el lugar 147 entre 153 paises evaluados en "Democracia, Mercado y Transparencia 2007"

Cuando vinieron

Cuando vinieron a buscar a los comunistas, Callé: yo no soy comunista.
Cuando vinieron a buscar a los sindicalistas, Callé: yo no soy sindicalista.
Cuando vinieron a buscar a los judíos, Callé: yo no soy judío. Cuando vinieron a buscar a los católicos, Callé: yo no soy “tan católico”.
Cuando vinieron a buscarme a mí, Callé: no había quien me escuchara.

Reverendo Martin Niemöller

Martha Colmenares

Martha Colmenares
Un sitio donde los hechos y sus huellas nos conmueven o cautivan
Bloggers Unite

CUBA LLORA Y EL MUNDO Y NOSOTROS NO ESCUCHAMOS

Donde esta el Mundo, donde los Democratas, donde los Liberales? El pueblo de Cuba llora y nadie escucha.
Donde estan los Green, los Socialdemocratas, los Ricos y los Pobres, los Con Voz y Sin Voz? Cuba llora y nadie escucha.
Donde estan el Jet Set, los Reyes y Principes, Patricios y Plebeyos? Cuba desesperada clama por solidaridad.
Donde Bob Dylan, donde Martin Luther King, donde Hollywood y sus estrellas? Donde la Middle Class democrata y conservadora, o acaso tambien liberal a ratos? Y Gandhi? Y el Dios de Todos?
Donde los Santos y Virgenes; los Dioses de Cristianos, Protestantes, Musulmanes, Budistas, Testigos de Jehova y Adventistas del Septimo Dia. Donde estan Ochun y todas las deidades del Panteon Yoruba que no acuden a nuestro llanto? Donde Juan Pablo II que no exige mas que Cuba se abra al Mundo y que el Mundo se abra a Cuba?
Que hacen ahora mismo Alberto de Monaco y el Principe Felipe que no los escuchamos? Donde Madonna, donde Angelina Jolie y sus adoptados around de world; o nos hara falta un Brando erguido en un Oscar por Cuba? Donde Sean Penn?
Donde esta la Aristocracia Obrera y los Obreros menos Aristocraticos, donde los Working Class que no estan junto a un pueblo que lanquidece, sufre y llora por la ignominia?
Que hacen ahora mismo Zapatero y Rajoy que no los escuchamos, y Harper y Dion, e Hillary y Obama; donde McCain que no los escuchamos? Y los muertos? Y los que estan muriendo? Y los que van a morir? Y los que se lanzan desesperados al mar?
Donde estan el minero cantabrico o el pescador de percebes gijonese? Los Canarios donde estan? A los africanos no los oimos, y a los australianos con su acento de hombres duros tampoco. Y aquellos chinos milenarios de Canton que fundaron raices eternas en la Isla? Y que de la Queen Elizabeth y los Lords y Gentlemen? Que hace ahora mismo el combativo Principe Harry que no lo escuchamos?
Donde los Rockefellers? Donde los Duponts? Donde Kate Moss? Donde el Presidente de la ONU? Y Solana donde esta? Y los Generales y Doctores? Y los Lam y los Fabelo, y los Sivio y los Fito Paez?
Y que de Canseco y Miñoso? Y de los veteranos de Bahia de Cochinos y de los balseros y de los recien llegados? Y Carlos Otero y Susana Perez? Y el Bola, y Pancho Cespedes? Y YO y TU?
Y todos nosotros que estamos aqui y alla rumiando frustaciones y resquemores, envidias y sinsabores; autoelogios y nostalgias, en tanto Louis Michel comulga con Perez Roque mientras Biscet y una NACION lanquidecen?
Donde Maceo, donde Marti; donde aquel Villena con su carga para matar bribones?
Cuba llora y clama y el Mundo NO ESCUCHA!!!

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