Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Internet. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Internet. Mostrar todas las entradas

lunes, diciembre 09, 2013

Report: NSA Spying on Virtual Worlds, Online Games

www.todofondosdejuegos.com
By RAPHAEL SATTER/ Associated Press
American and British intelligence operations have been spying on gamers across the world, media outlets reported, saying that the world's most powerful espionage agencies sent undercover agents into virtual universes to monitor activity in online fantasy games such as "World of Warcraft."

Stories carried Monday by The New York Times, the Guardian, and ProPublica said U.S. and U.K. spies have spent years trawling online games for terrorists or informants. The stories, based on documents leaked by former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, offer an unusual take on America's world-spanning surveillance campaign, suggesting that even the fantasy worlds popular with children, teens, and escapists of all ages aren't beyond the attention of the NSA and its British counterpart, GCHQ.

Virtual universes like "World of Warcraft" can be massively popular, drawing in millions of players who log months' worth of real-world time competing with other players for online glory, virtual treasure, and magical loot. At its height, "World of Warcraft" boasted some 12 million paying subscribers, more than the population of Greece. Other virtual worlds, like Linden Labs' "Second Life" or the various games hosted by Microsoft's Xbox _ home to the popular science fiction-themed shoot-em-up "Halo" _ host millions more.

Spy agencies have long worried that such games serve as a good cover for terrorists or other evildoers who could use in-game messaging systems to swap information. In one of the documents cited Monday by media outlets, the NSA warned that the games could give intelligence targets a place to "hide in plain sight."

Linden Labs and Microsoft Inc. did not immediately return messages seeking comment. In a statement, Blizzard Entertainment said that it is "unaware of any surveillance taking place. If it was, it would have been done without our knowledge or permission."

Microsoft issued a similar statement, saying it is "not aware of any surveillance activity. If it has occurred as reported, it certainly wasn't done with our consent."

The 82-page-document, published on The New York Times' website, also noted that opponents could use video games to recruit other users or carry out virtual weapons training _ pointing to the Sept. 11, 2001, hijackers as examples of terrorists who had used flight simulation software to hone their skills.

Important details _ such as how the agencies secured access to gamers' data, how many players' information was compromised, or whether Americans were swept up in the spying _ were not clear, the Times and ProPublica said, but the reports point to a determined effort to infiltrate a world many people associate with adolescents and shut-ins.

At the request of GCHQ, the NSA began extracting "World of Warcraft" data from its global intelligence haul, trying to tie specific accounts and characters to Islamic extremism and arms dealing efforts, the Guardian reported. Intelligence on the fantasy world could eventually translate to real-world espionage success, one of the documents suggested, noting that "World of Warcraft" subscribers included "telecom engineers, embassy drivers, scientists, the military and other intelligence agencies."

"World of Warcraft" wasn't the only target. Another memo noted that GCHQ had "successfully been able to get the discussions between different game players on Xbox Live." Meanwhile, so many U.S. spies were roaming around "Second Life" that a special "deconfliction" unit was set up to prevent them from stepping on each other's toes.

Blizzard Entertainment is part of Santa Monica, Calif.-based Activision Blizzard Inc.

martes, diciembre 03, 2013

Bitcoin y culos: La singularidad tecnológica está cerca

microsiervos
Culos-Vs-Bitcoin
Si en Internet se habla más de bitcoin que de los culos es que la singularidad se acerca.
Las recomendaciones son (a) correr hacia las colinas; (b) invertir todo el dinero que tengas en bitcoin o (c) abandonar el «patrón culo».
(Vía I Love Charts.)

martes, noviembre 26, 2013

Suspecting NSA spying, Microsoft to ramp up efforts to encrypt its Internet traffic

Microsoft is moving toward a major new effort to encrypt its Internet traffic after concluding that the National Security Agency may have broken into its global communications systems, said people familiar with the emerging plans.

Suspicions at Microsoft, while building for several months, sharpened in October when it was reported that the NSA was intercepting traffic inside the private networks of Google and Yahoo, two industry rivals with similar global infrastructures, said people with direct knowledge of the company’s deliberations. They said top Microsoft executives are meeting this week to decide what encryption initiatives to deploy and how quickly.

Documents obtained from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden suggest — though do not prove — that the company is right to be concerned. Two previously unreleased slides that describe operations against Google and Yahoo include references to Microsoft’s Hotmail and Windows Live Messenger services. A separate NSA e-mail mentions Microsoft Passport, a Web-based service formerly offered by Microsoft, as a possible target of that same surveillance project, called MUSCULAR, which was first disclosed by The Post last month.

Read more at:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/microsoft-suspecting-nsa-spying-to-ramp-up-efforts-to-encrypt-its-internet-traffic/2013/11/26/44236b48-56a9-11e3-8304-caf30787c0a9_story.html

martes, noviembre 05, 2013

Presidente de Google quiere viajar a Cuba

Presidente de Google quiere viajar a Cuba, nos “regalará” algo? En su afán de comprometer a los gobiernos con la libertad de expresión en internet, Eric Schmidt, presidente de Google, confesó que Cuba figura como máxima proridad en su agenda de viajes internacionales.
En una entrevista con el diario The Wall Street Journal, Schmidt fue interrogado sobre el próximo lugar que le gustaría visitar para promover la libre circulación de pensamiento por vía de internet y no titubeó en responder que Cuba estaba “en el tope de la lista”.
“Vamos a ir a Cuba, espero que pueda ser”, afirmó el empresario a la periodista Deborah Kan.
El ejecutivo de Google viajó a Corea del Norte el pasado enero con la esperanza de  convencer al régimen de Pyongyang de que un poco de apertura debería ser parte del interés de las autoridades en su propio beneficio. En la delegación viajó el embajador Bill Richardson, ex gobernador de Nuevo México.
“Ellos necesitan de internet para el comercio electrónico y para las empresas, e indudablemente están tratando de resolver los problemas de disponibilidad de alimentos, la educación y el malestar social”, comentó Schmitdt durante la entrevista, realizada en Honk Kong.
Ahora lo que me pregunto es, cuando venga, nos regalará los servicios libres para todo el mundo pero prohibidos para Cuba? Google cuenta con una serie de servicios que facilitarían el desarrollo de muchas áreas del conocimiento en Cuba, pero están prohibidos para los internautas cubanos. Google Earth, Google Destktop Search, Google AdSense, Google Code, Google Adwords o Google Toolbar son algunos de los servicios prohibidos para Cuba. Ojalá que cuando se de su visita los permitan. Así seguro que sí mejoraría un poquito nuestra internet, y no con tanta palabrería.
Lista de algunos sitios web y servicios gratuitos bloqueados total o parcialmente para Cuba
- MSN Messenger (Microsoft)
- Flash Player (Adobe Systems Inc)
- Java (Oracle/Sun MicroSystems)
- Google Analytics (Google Inc.)
- Google Desktop Search (Google Inc.)
- Google Toolbar (Google Inc.)
- Google Code Search, Google Inc., este último “promotor” de las bondades del software libre)
- Google Earth (Google, versión gratuita)
- SourceForge (VA Software, no permite descargar de sus servidores)
- SDK Android (Google, para dispositivos móviles)
- SDK para dispositivos Apple (Apple Inc., para dispositivos móviles)
- Sitios de Pagos por Internet (PayPal y Plimus)
- Globalspec (Empresa fabricante de semiconductores)
- Netbeans (Organización que ofrece un Entorno Integrado de Desarrollo)

jueves, octubre 31, 2013

How the feds snoop: What happens when you hit send on your email

www.zerohedge.com
The Internet makes it easy to send information to far flung places in an instant – hit “send” and poof there it goes. But where does that information go, how does it get there and who gets access to the data?
Every second of every day billions of bits of data speed through an elaborate network, many created and controlled by companies such as Yahoo and Google.
Indeed, the latest leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, first reported by the Washington Post and confirmed by NBC News, say that NSA has tapped into Google and Yahoo's data cables and vacuumed up emails and phone records, although security official say Americans are filtered out.
Big tech companies — among them Facebook, Microsoft, AOL and Apple, in addition to Google and Yahoo — say the worry they’re losing an arms race to secure their users’ information and have called on new laws to stop U.S. intelligence agencies from breaking into data centers.
Those data centers, often misleadingly called the “cloud,” in reality have nothing ethereal about them. They’re thousands of miles of cables and high-tech switchers and computers. They’re warehouse-sized buildings that hum with servers to collect and store huge reams of data.
“For your email account you know you can have years worth of data stored in your account,” Kim Zetter of Wired magazine told NBC News.
Google alone has six such large datacenters in the United States, and another seven are overseas.
“A lot of people think if I'm in the U.S., my data is stored in the U.S., and that's really not the case,” Zetter said.
Jim Stickley, a cyber security expert, said it's those cables where the vulnerability lies.
“You have thousands and thousands of miles of cable out there of this fiber optic cable,” Stickley said. “And so presumably the NSA has founds somewhere to gain access to this cable and physically attach some sort of device to capture date on this network.”
On Thursday, Google issued a statement, which said, in part: "We are outraged at the lengths to which the government seems to have gone to intercept data from our private fiber networks
Google said it is now working to encrypt its high-speed fiber optic lines in order to counter NSA snooping.
But even if that company’s system is secure, it’s clear that these internet giants have become the gatekeepers of our digital lives.
“We have put all of our digital eggs into their baskets, they're not in ours anymore,” Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation told NBC News. “and whether that's wise in terms of privacy and security is, I think, a very open question.”
Bruce Schneier, a Harvard Law School fellow who writes frequently on cybersecurity, said there's only one sure fire way to protect yourself from snooping, and it’s an idea most people won’t like: Give up your email.
“You cannot be on the systems. That’s what you can do,” he said in a telephone interview. “Whenever you go into a cloud, you have to trust the cloud provider. There’s nothing you can do. It’s not your data. It’s their data.”
One reason there is so much data collection, Schneier said, is that “Surveillance is very, very cheap, that’s the problem."
He added, "Adding encryption makes surveillance more expensive, Which means they can’t do it as much.”
So, for anyone feeling a little digitally vulnerable, there appears to be only one way around it:  Write a letter and get a stamp.
Andrea Mitchell and Erin McClam of NBC News contributed to this report.
Related:
NSA, British intelligence secretly tapped into Google, Yahoo cable links, officials say

Also: PRISM (surveillance program) - Wikipedia

FAA to allow tablets and e-readers during all phases of flights


Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy
Read on nbcnews >>

miércoles, octubre 30, 2013

Tendencias emergentes. Economía Long Tail

The Long TailJose Monzo Marco
La popularización del término estadístico “long tail distribution” [distribuciones de “larga cola”] se debe principalmente a Chris Anderson, editor jefe de la revista Wired, que escribió un artículo sobre este interesante fenómeno asociado a Internet allá por el mes de octubre de 2004 y del que en 2006 se publicó el libro en inglés [el libro está publicado en castellano con el título “La Economía Long Tail” por la editorial Tendencias] convirtiéndose rápidamente en un éxito de ventas mundial.

El fenómeno de la “larga cola” se puede interpretar como una tendencia emergente por la que gracias a la tecnología de Internet el mercado de masas [donde la distribución de Pareto del 80/20 –el 80% de las ventas lo produce el 20% de las referencias- se cumple casi siempre: sólo unos pocos productos producen la mayor parte de los resultados] se está convirtiendo en un mercado de nichos: por primera vez en la sociedad de consumo, la venta de pequeñas cantidades es rentable.

La explicación del autor es bastante convincente: en un mercado marcado por la escasez de medios para exponer los productos [la metáfora del espacio de exposición de una tienda física es perfecta] es lógico que unos pocos productos alcancen el éxito [la limitación física de los escaparates en las tiendas o en los grandes almacenes actúa de filtro, al igual que el espacio publicitario destinado en los medios de comunicación] pero cuando el espacio de exposición es virtualmente infinito [tiendas virtuales en Internet] entonces la “larga cola” de productos que se extiende detrás de los éxitos es virtualmente infinita, como podemos observar en el gráfico.

Este fenómeno del Long Tail no implica necesariamente que con las tiendas virtuales desaparezca totalmente la típica distribución de Pareto, pero sí ejemplifica que la curva puede llegar a tener una distribución algo más parecida a una proporción 50/20 –el 50% de las ventas los produce el 20% de las referencias, lo que significa que el restante 80% de referencias produce el otro 50% de resultados-, o algo más plana en ambos lados, del orden de una proporción 20/20 –el 20% de las ventas lo produce el 20% de las referencias- lo que en la práctica algunos interpretan como el fin de la distribución continua de Pareto [1] [o de su equivalente discreto en la distribución de Zipf [2] o regla del rango-tamaño], lo que no es totalmente cierto porque en el mundo real o en el virtual siempre se venderán mucho más unas cosas que otras, pero, eso sí, “La Economía Long Tail” viene a recordarnos que ese 80% de referencias que aparentemente podríamos desechar en un entorno económico pre-Internet, en la economía virtual van a tener una importancia estratégica por la emergencia de mercados de nicho que van a nutrir y alargar la cola de productos, es decir con la tienda virtual seguirán habiendo productos “best-sellers”, sin duda, pero es muy posible que su cifra de ventas sea prácticamente igual al resto de productos que dejan tras de sí. Esa es la “La Economía Long Tail” que nos espera.
Continuar leyendo en Pensamiento Sistémico >>

viernes, septiembre 06, 2013

Parliament's Computers Used To Log On To Porn Websites ONLY 300,000 In a Year

Official records reveal that over the past year, members of Parliament, peers and their staff accessed pornographic websites 300,000 times.  The information was released by Palace of Westminster IT bosses this week in response to a freedom of information request. 

When broken down the total figure represents more than 820 sites a day and covers "attempts to access websites categorized as pornography." Parliamentary staffers, however, claim that the figure also included pop-ups that don't reflect deliberate efforts to search for porn. 
All the devices monitored were linked to the parliamentary network, which is used by members of Parliament,  peers and staffers. The report which monitored computers from summer 2012 to summer 2013, also revealed inconsistent monthly figures. For example, November was a big year for Parliament porn with 114,8444 attempts to find it, while in February, only 15 attempts were documented. 
Matthew Sinclair, chief executive of the TaxPayers' Alliance had this razor sharp insight: "This highlights the fact that many people working in Parliament are spending far too much time on websites that have nothing to do with their job."
A House of Commons spokeswoman insisted the records did not prove users "intended" to access pornography: "We do not consider the data to provide an accurate representation of the number of purposeful requests made by network users due to the ways in which websites can be designed to act, react and interact and due to the potential operation of third-party software."
However, Parliament's track record might reveal that it is certainly conceivable that its members have other things on their minds other than government business.
Past reports included the following Parliamentary surfing patterns:
* Thousands of hours on Facebook pages, up to 3 million times a month
* Extensive time playing computer games and placing online bets
* A high number of visits to supermarket shopping websites, gaming sites and music download sites
* Up to 50,000 visits were made to the controversial adultery website Out of Town Affairs, which advertises "no-strings-attached fun, hot steamy action and erotic encounters."

jueves, junio 06, 2013

U.S. intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program


The National Security Agency and the FBI are tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading U.S. Internet companies, extracting audio, video, photographs, e-mails, documents and connection logs that enable analysts to track a person’s movements and contacts over time.
The highly classified program, code-named PRISM, has not been disclosed publicly before. Its establishment in 2007 and six years of exponential growth took place beneath the surface of a roiling debate over the boundaries of surveillance and privacy. Even late last year, when critics of the foreign intelligence statute argued for changes, the only members of Congress who know about PRISM were bound by oaths of office to hold their tongues.
Related stories
What has the government been doing? Is it legal? Does it mean some bureaucrat somewhere has heard all your phone calls? Read on to find out.

An internal presentation on the Silicon Valley operation, intended for senior analysts in the NSA’s Signals Intelligence Directorate, described the new tool as the most prolific contributor to the President’s Daily Brief, which cited PRISM data in 1,477 articles last year. According to the briefing slides, obtained by The Washington Post, “NSA reporting increasingly relies on PRISM” as its leading source of raw material, accounting for nearly 1 in 7 intelligence reports.
That is a remarkable figure in an agency that measures annual intake in the trillions of communications. It is all the more striking because the NSA, whose lawful mission is foreign intelligence, is reaching deep inside the machinery of American companies that host hundreds of millions of American-held accounts on American soil.
The technology companies, which participate knowingly in PRISM operations, include most of the dominant global players of Silicon Valley. They are listed on a roster that bears their logos in order of entry into the program: “Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, Facebook, PalTalk, AOL, Skype, YouTube, Apple.” PalTalk, although much smaller, has hosted significant traffic during the Arab Spring and in the ongoing Syrian civil war.
Dropbox , the cloud storage and synchronization service, is described as “coming soon.”
Government officials declined to comment for this story.
Roots in the ’70s
PRISM is an heir, in one sense, to a history of intelligence alliances with as many as 100 trusted U.S. companies since the 1970s. The NSA calls these Special Source Operations, and PRISM falls under that rubric.
The Silicon Valley operation works alongside a parallel program, code-named BLARNEY, that gathers up “metadata” — address packets, device signatures and the like — as it streams past choke points along the backbone of the Internet. BLARNEY’s top-secret program summary, set down alongside a cartoon insignia of a shamrock and a leprechaun hat, describes it as “an ongoing collection program that leverages IC [intelligence community] and commercial partnerships to gain access and exploit foreign intelligence obtained from global networks.”
But the PRISM program appears more nearly to resemble the most controversial of the warrantless surveillance orders issued by President George W. Bush after the al-Qaeda attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Its history, in which President Obama presided over “exponential growth” in a program that candidate Obama criticized, shows how fundamentally surveillance law and practice have shifted away from individual suspicion in favor of systematic, mass collection techniques.
Keep reading on 
http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story_1.html

miércoles, mayo 01, 2013

Bitcoin: Crypto Currency - Forbes

Want to buy socks or psilocybin without being traced? Bitcoins are for you.

image

Gavin Andresen, a Bitcoin developer, shows what he thinks about state-backed currency.

The Internet has left plenty of dead and maimed paper-based institutions in its wake. If Gavin Andresen and his underground cadre of cypherpunks have their way, another archaic slice of pulped tree may be next: the dollar.
Bitcoin is a grassroots nonprofit project that seeks to fashion a new currency out of little more than cryptography, networking and open-source software, and Andresen is the closest thing the project has to a director. Bitcoin is not, he explains, just a new way to digitally spend dollars, pounds and yen. That's been tried before. Remember Beenz and Flooz?
Bitcoin is different: It wholly replaces state-backed currencies with a digital version that's tougher to forge, cuts across international boundaries, can be stored on your hard drive instead of in a bank, and--perhaps most importantly to many of Bitcoin's users--isn't subject to the inflationary whim of whatever Federal Reserve chief decides to print more money.
"Bitcoin is designed to bring us back to a decentralized currency of the people," says Andresen, a 44-year-old software developer and entrepreneur based in Amherst, Mass. "This is like better gold than gold."
As with shiny-metal-backed currencies, Bitcoins derive their value partly through their scarcity, which is defined not by how much can be dug up with shovels but by a cryptographic lottery. Anyone can get Bitcoins without paying cash for them by downloading and running Bitcoin's "mining" program. The machines in Bitcoin's mining network, now in the thousands, compute an encryption function called a "hash" on a set of random numbers, and coins are awarded every ten minutes to whichever miner happens to compute a number below a certain threshold.
That lottery tightly controls how many Bitcoins are created. There are currently close to 6 million in existence. By 2014 there will be about twice that number. Bitcoin's distributed software is set to slow production over time so that there will never be more than 21 million in circulation. "No banker can control it. No evil dictator tyrant can print zillions and destroy the value," says Bruce Wagner, organizer of New York's Bitcoin developer's meet-up.
Of course, the other factor that determines the worth of a currency is whether anyone will accept it in exchange for goods and services. And for Bitcoin, a subculture of geek-friendly merchants is catching on. About $30,000 worth of Bitcoins change hands every day in electronic transactions, spent on Web-hosting, electronics, dog sweaters and alpaca socks.
Also drugs. Particularly illegal ones. Since Bitcoins can be spent on the Internet without the use of a bank account, they offer a convenient system for anonymous purchases. There's no centralized storage of funds, so accounts can't be frozen by law enforcement or PayPal administrators. "Illegal stuff will be a niche for Bitcoin," admits Andresen. "That bothers me, but it's just like any currency. You can't stop dollar bills from being used for the drug trade either. That's an unfortunate feature of any cashlike system."
Bitcoins' anonymity was no accident. The system was originally designed by Satoshi Nakamoto, a mysterious, privacy-obsessed figure who first described the currency's specs in a series of posts on a cryptography e-mail list in late 2008. Nakamoto declined to be interviewed for this story, and not even Andresen, who took over the project as technical lead in May 2010, has communicated with Bitcoin's founder except through e-mail and posts on Web forums. Nakamoto has compared Bitcoin to the systems of anonymous financial transactions sought by the anarchist cypherpunk movement in the 1990s, whose adherents saw cryptography as a way to shift power from institutions to individuals.
Thanks in part to its growing uses, both black- and white-market, the newborn currency is appreciating at a wild clip. In just the year since Andresen joined the project, it's jumped from half a penny in value to about a dollar.
That possibly irrational exuberance may be a sign that Bitcoin is headed for a speculative bubble. The currency already swings as much as 50% in value over some single days. But Bitcoin's supporters are confident the free market can solve that problem as Bitcoin's advantages attract more nonspeculative buying and selling.
One way they hope to bring more normals into the fold: by expanding Bitcoin's applications to the real world. Bitcoin devotees in New York's informal developer group are rolling out an Android app for mobile Bitcoin buying. They're also building open-source software that can be integrated into point-of-sale terminals.
"Someday this will probably have the Fed scrambling," says the New York meet-up's Bruce Wagner. "They still don't know what Twitter is. By the time they figure this out, it will have already taken hold."

The Flaw that May Bring Down Bitcoin or Change it Forever

arstechnica.com
Bitcoin is currently being used as a publishing system due to a design feature/flaw.   That flaw threatens the viability of Bitcoin as a currency.
How so?
Some folks have expoited that feature/flaw to publish Wikileaks cables and pedophile porn links in bitcoin's blockchain.
Of course, that's a problem.  It may attact some aggressive behavior from governments, well before it reaches a maturation.
However, that's a problem.  Since bitcoin is decentralized, the steps required  to prevent people from publishing information.
This now becomes the multi-billion $$ question:  can Bitcoin fix itself or will it end up becoming an illegal backwater?
To find out how it's done and what can actually be done about it, I contacted Jeff Garzik on the Bitcoin software team (it's a little technical, but you can follow the logic):
Sending bitcoins requires two pieces of data: a bitcoin address, and an amount (number of bitcoins). There is no "comments field" or anything of that nature. A bitcoin address is just a random 20-byte piece of data. Normally those 20 bytes are derived from the RIPEMD160 and SHA256 algorithms, but a valid 20 bytes cannot be distinguished from an invalid 20 bytes. Therefore, if you are willing to waste money -- albeit very small fractions like 0.00000001 bitcoins -- by sending that money to invalid bitcoin addresses, you essentially have created a channel for random data transmission. The bitcoin blockchain is in one sense a massively replicated ~7GB database that stores data for all eternity.
There remains the open question of what happens if somebody dumps data into the blockchain, that a government finds illegal. Smart people argue the legal theory "mens rea" and similar mitigating factors are applicable. But it remains an unknown. The vast majority of people are burdened with this awful data they don't care about, simply to use the bitcoin payment system they do care about. There are many conflicting motives and incentives (very Brave New War-ish):
  • Anarchist activists want to publish this information, to force authorities to act (or not) when this illegal data is published. *
  • Bitcoin activists want to publish this information, to force developers (us) to address The Filter Issue
  • Some people see more value in bitcoin as "eternity data storage", if expensive and inefficient, than bitcoin as a currency
It is, quite literally, impossible to prevent use of bitcoin as data storage. It is a purely digital currency. Who can say which digits are "evil" or "good", allowed or disallowed? You can detect certain patterns, and possibly filter those
Many bitcoin users are using bitcoin for its intended purpose, as currency transfer, and dislike carrying the costs for these other uses.  As this carrying-data issue rears its head, it increases the costs for anyone running a P2P node on the all-volunteer bitcoin P2P network. This shrinks the total number of bitcoin P2P nodes.  As such, due to both legal and resource-usage issues, "data spam" has long been theorized as an attack vector.  
The "Filter Issue": There are very large ramifications to filtering out transactions, even ones that are obviously data spam. Fungability: currently, all bitcoins have the same value.  My 1.0 BTC and your 1.0 BTC are equivalent in value. Once you start filtering transactions, you are injecting policy-based censorship into the mix. Some bitcoins are accepted by all, some bitcoins are only accepted by a few. A value of a bitcoin itself becomes a product of its ancestry.
If this policy is implemented, perhaps by court order to a bitcoin mining pool, it could lead chain forks, where i.e. bitcoin users in the United States see a different set of spendable bitcoins than users outside the US. It is widely speculated, based on common forum comments in the crypto-anarchist community, that this current round of data spam is intended to force bitcoin users, developers and governments of the world to take action to censor -- or not -- certain bitcoin transactions. Trying to force the issue, to establish a precedent one way or the other. Or, more pessimistically, a party could be simply trying to shut down bitcoin.
The bitcoin community is very staunchly anti-censorship, but if data spam were to threaten the life of bitcoin, I imagine ideology-neutral "it looks like data, not currency" filtering would appear. Bitcoin is ultimately a product of voting -- you vote by choosing which software version and software ruleset to download. The users can always vote data spam off the island... but will they? :) Is data transmission a valid use of bitcoin? The users themselves choose the definition of "valid."

domingo, abril 14, 2013

Bitcoin, más madera

Un interesante punto de vista sobre Bitcoin en GurusBlog, bastante bien explicado: Guru Huky su Opinión sobre Bitcoin (¡gracias Furilo por la pista).
Bitcoin es un sistema de pagos peer to peer que permite a cualquiera pagar a quién sea por internet sin necesitar la intermediación de ningún tipo de intermediario o institución financiera (…) Bitcoin es peligroso porque es el sistema de pagos más disruptivo que hay en escena… olvídate de chorradas como iZettle, Square o Stripe. Para mi estas no son realmente disruptivas: en el fondo ninguna de ellas abandona el circuito bancario y acaban en un momento u otro tocando un banco… Bitcoin es la disrupción en mayúsculas de los sistemas de pago. Con Bitcoin no necesitas ni a Square, ni a Stripe, ni a Visa ni a PayPal, ni a Barclays, ni a Caixabank para realizar un pago.
Eso sí, esto no es un mundo perfecto y todo lo relacionado con las Bitcoin se enfrenta a algunos problemas muy difíciles de resolver:
La debilidad de Bitcoin no está en su concepto de sistema de pago, sino en su concepto de moneda (…) Es su talón de Aquiles básicamente por dos motivos: (1) Al ser concebido por sus autores como una moneda refugio de la política monetaria expansiva de los bancos centrales, el éxito de Bitcoin parece que lo ha convertido de moneda o sistema de pago a un vehículo de especulación financiera (…) (2) ¿Es realmente Bitcoin válido como moneda? ¿Es realmente válida una moneda con un número finito de unidades tan «reducido» y pre establecido de sólo 21 millones?
En resumen: tienes una idea que suena muy bien pero en la práctica se utiliza principalmente para especular; su cambio a «dinero real» fluctúa hasta un 50, 75 o 100 por cien de un día para otro, arriba o abajo (!) La gente no se fía, entre los expertos oyes opiniones dispares y los bancos y otras entidades del mundo real la ven con recelo. ¡Complicados comienzos!
En otras noticias, Bitcoin ha continuado desplomándose hasta los 100 dólares por Bitcoin desde los máximos de 237 de hace unos días.
Más enlaces al respecto:

A confesión de parte… Relevo de pruebas: Gobierno tumba internet como medida desesperada contra “hackeo”

RunRun


“Tumban” Internet en Venezuela para transmitir datos electorales

lapatilla

El Militante Socialista, Bolivariano y Chavista; Vicepresidente Ejecutivo y Ministro de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Jorge Arreaza aclaró que “haber tumbado” el Internet nacional no influye en la transmisión de data del Consejo Nacional Electoral.

lunes, marzo 11, 2013

Gay? Conservative? High IQ? Your Facebook ’likes’ can reveal traits

cosmiclog
David Stillwell / Cambridge
A graphic from the "You Are What You Like" Facebook app illustrates how the pages you click on can tell others about your personal traits, even if you don't mean to do so.

When you click a "like" button on Facebook, you could be telling the world whether you're gay or straight, liberal or conservative, intelligent or not so much — even if you don't intend to. That's what researchers found when they ran tens of thousands of Facebook profiles and questionnaires through a computer algorithm to find the obvious as well as not-so-obvious connections.
The results were published on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and you can sample the method for yourself at a website called YouAreWhatYouLike.com.
"The main message of the paper is that whether they like it or not, people do communicate their individual traits in their online behavior," said lead author Michal Kosinski, operations director at the University of Cambridge's Psychometrics Center.
Some of the correlations are obvious: For example, If you're a fan of the "I'm Proud to Be a Christian" Facebook page, it's a pretty safe bet that you're a Christian. But others are hard to explain: Why is it that liking the "Curly Fries" page is associated with having a high IQ? Why does the computer model put "Sometimes I Just Lay in Bed and Think About Life" in the category for homosexual females, while "Thinking of Something and Laughing Alone" is linked to heterosexual females?
"These little patterns are really not perceptible to humans," Kosinski said. Sometimes, it takes a computer.
Kosinski and his colleagues conducted their experiment over the course of several years, through their MyPersonality website and Facebook app. More than 8 million people took the MyPersonality survey, which asked participants about their personal details and also had them answer questions about personality traits. About half of the test-takers gave their OK for the researchers to match up their survey results with Facebook likes, on an anonymous basis. More than 58,000 of the volunteered profiles from U.S. respondents were selected for matching.
The results were analyzed to produce correlations in more than a dozen categories, including five widely accepted personality attributes (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability). Those are the attributes analyzed on the "You Are What You Like" website. The other categories included IQ, religion, politics, sexual orientation, age, gender, race, relationship status, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, life satisfaction, number of friends — and even whether a Facebook user's parents had separated by the time the user was 21.
This PDF file shows you which Facebook pages are the best fit for each of the categories.
YouAreWhatYouLike.com
Researchers set up a website that assesses your personality based on Facebook "likes."
The researchers' computer model did the best at predicting black-vs.-white and male-vs.-female (95 and 93 percent accuracy, respectively). It could distinguish correctly between Republicans and Democrats 85 percent of the time, and between Christians and Muslims 82 percent of the time.
The accuracy rates for predicting sexual orientation were 88 percent for males and 75 percent for females. But don't think reaching that result was as easy as seeing who clicked the "like" button for "Gay Marriage." Less than 5 percent of the gay users were fans of such obvious pages, Kosinski and his colleagues said. The predictions were based instead on inferences from likes for less obvious pages. For example, the computer model associated the fan pages for Kathy Griffin and "Wicked, The Musical" with homosexual males, while heterosexual males were associated with the pages for Bruce Lee and WWE wrestling.
OK, maybe the pages weren't all that much less obvious.
The model wasn't as accurate (60 percent) when it came to predicting whether a user's parents stayed together or separated before the user turned 21. But even that level of predictive power could be "worthwhile for advertisers," the researchers said. "For instance, digital systems and devices (such as online stores or cars) could be designed to adjust their behavior to best fit each user's preferred profile," they wrote.
"I know the paper might sound like we're criticizing Facebook, but not at all," Kosinski told NBC News. "I'm a fan of Facebook."
Kosinski pointed out that an analysis of your credit card purchases, online music preferences, video rentals and Web browsing habits could come up with personal profiles at least as detailed as the ones that he and his colleagues produced. It just so happens that the Facebook likes were accessible enough to yield a vivid illustration of how such analyses work.
"It's possible this will lead some people to say, 'Maybe I shouldn't be using Facebook, or I shouldn't be using Google.' And that could be bad," he said. That kind of technophobia could hamper technological and economic progress, he said. Instead, the research should lead people to think twice about what they share online.
"We hope this information will help users start a discussion with organizations like Facebook, Google, Microsoft, or even policymakers about the rules of the game online," Kosinski said.
Update for 3:55 p.m. ET March 11: Kosinski's two co-authors, David Stillwell of Cambridge and Thore Graepel of Microsoft Research, passed along their comments in a news release from Cambridge.
"Consumers rightly expect strong privacy protection to be built into the products and services they use, and this research may well serve as a reminder for consumers to take a careful approach to sharing information online, utilizing privacy controls and never sharing content with unfamiliar parties," Graepel said.
"I have used Facebook since 2005, and I will continue to do so," Stillwell said. "But I might be more careful to use the privacy settings that Facebook provides."

Net neutrality

MercatusCenter
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Retratos de fusilados por el Castrismo - Juan Abreu

"Hablame"

"EN TIEMPOS DIFÍCILES" - Heberto Padilla

A aquel hombre le pidieron su tiempo

para que lo juntara al tiempo de la Historia.

Le pidieron las manos,

porque para una época difícil

nada hay mejor que un par de buenas manos.

Le pidieron los ojos

que alguna vez tuvieron lágrimas

para que contemplara el lado claro

(especialmente el lado claro de la vida)

porque para el horror basta un ojo de asombro.

Le pidieron sus labios

resecos y cuarteados para afirmar,

para erigir, con cada afirmación, un sueño

(el-alto-sueño);

le pidieron las piernas

duras y nudosas

(sus viejas piernas andariegas),

porque en tiempos difíciles

¿algo hay mejor que un par de piernas

para la construcción o la trinchera?

Le pidieron el bosque que lo nutrió de niño,

con su árbol obediente.

Le pidieron el pecho, el corazón, los hombros.

Le dijeron

que eso era estrictamente necesario.

Le explicaron después

que toda esta donación resultaria inútil.

sin entregar la lengua,

porque en tiempos difíciles

nada es tan útil para atajar el odio o la mentira.

Y finalmente le rogaron

que, por favor, echase a andar,

porque en tiempos difíciles

esta es, sin duda, la prueba decisiva.

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La columna de Cubanalisis

NEOCASTRISMO [Hacer click en la imagen]

NEOCASTRISMO [Hacer click en la imagen]
¨Saturno jugando con sus hijos¨/ Pedro Pablo Oliva

Seguidores

Carta desde la carcel de Fidel Castro Ruz

“…después de todo, para mí la cárcel es un buen descanso, que sólo tiene de malo el que es obligatorio. Leo mucho y estudio mucho. Parece increíble, las horas pasan como si fuesen minutos y yo, que soy de temperamento intranquilo, me paso el día leyendo, apenas sin moverme para nada. La correspondencia llega normalmente…”

“…Como soy cocinero, de vez en cuando me entretengo preparando algún pisto. Hace poco me mandó mi hermana desde Oriente un pequeño jamón y preparé un bisté con jalea de guayaba. También preparo spaghettis de vez en cuando, de distintas formas, inventadas todas por mí; o bien tortilla de queso. ¡Ah! ¡Qué bien me quedan! por supuesto, que el repertorio no se queda ahí. Cuelo también café que me queda muy sabroso”.
“…En cuanto a fumar, en estos días pasados he estado rico: una caja de tabacos H. Upman del doctor Miró Cardona, dos cajas muy buenas de mi hermano Ramón….”.
“Me voy a cenar: spaghettis con calamares, bombones italianos de postre, café acabadito de colar y después un H. Upman #4. ¿No me envidias?”.
“…Me cuidan, me cuidan un poquito entre todos. No le hacen caso a uno, siempre estoy peleando para que no me manden nada. Cuando cojo el sol por la mañana en shorts y siento el aire de mar, me parece que estoy en una playa… ¡Me van a hacer creer que estoy de vacaciones! ¿Qué diría Carlos Marx de semejantes revolucionarios?”.

Quotes

¨La patria es dicha de todos, y dolor de todos, y cielo para todos, y no feudo ni capellaní­a de nadie¨ - Marti

"No temas ni a la prision, ni a la pobreza, ni a la muerte. Teme al miedo"
-
Giacomo Leopardi

¨Por eso es muy importante, Vicky, hijo mío, que recuerdes siempre para qué sirve la cabeza: para atravesar paredes¨Halvar de Flake [El vikingo]

"Como no me he preocupado de nacer, no me preocupo de morir" - Lorca

"Al final, no os preguntarán qué habéis sabido, sino qué habéis hecho" - Jean de Gerson

"Si queremos que todo siga como está, es necesario que todo cambie" - Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa

"Todo hombre paga su grandeza con muchas pequeñeces, su victoria con muchas derrotas, su riqueza con múltiples quiebras" - Giovanni Papini


"Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans" - John Lennon

"Habla bajo, lleva siempre un gran palo y llegarás lejos" - Proverbio Africano

"No hay medicina para el miedo" - Proverbio escoces

"El supremo arte de la guerra es doblegar al enemigo sin luchar"
- Sun Tzu

"You do not really understand something unless you can explain it to your grandmother" - Albert Einstein

"It is inaccurate to say I hate everything. I am strongly in favor of common sense, common honesty, and common decency. This makes me forever ineligible for public office" - H. L. Menken

"I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented" - Elie Wiesel

"Stay hungry, stay foolish" -
Steve Jobs

"If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert , in five years ther'ed be a shortage of sand" - Milton Friedman

"The tragedy of modern man is not that he knows less and less about the meaning of his own life, but that it bothers him less and less" - Vaclav Havel

"No se puede controlar el resultado, pero si lo que uno haga para alcanzarlo" -
Vitor Belfort [MMA Fighter]

Liborio

Liborio
A la puerta de la gloria está San Pedro sentado y ve llegar a su lado a un hombre de cierta historia. No consigue hacer memoria y le pregunta con celo: ¿Quién eras allá en el suelo? Era Liborio mi nombre. Has sufrido mucho, hombre, entra, te has ganado el cielo.

Para Raul Castro

Cuba ocupa el penultimo lugar en el mundo en libertad economica solo superada por Corea del Norte.

Cuba ocupa el lugar 147 entre 153 paises evaluados en "Democracia, Mercado y Transparencia 2007"

Cuando vinieron

Cuando vinieron a buscar a los comunistas, Callé: yo no soy comunista.
Cuando vinieron a buscar a los sindicalistas, Callé: yo no soy sindicalista.
Cuando vinieron a buscar a los judíos, Callé: yo no soy judío. Cuando vinieron a buscar a los católicos, Callé: yo no soy “tan católico”.
Cuando vinieron a buscarme a mí, Callé: no había quien me escuchara.

Reverendo Martin Niemöller

Martha Colmenares

Martha Colmenares
Un sitio donde los hechos y sus huellas nos conmueven o cautivan
Bloggers Unite

CUBA LLORA Y EL MUNDO Y NOSOTROS NO ESCUCHAMOS

Donde esta el Mundo, donde los Democratas, donde los Liberales? El pueblo de Cuba llora y nadie escucha.
Donde estan los Green, los Socialdemocratas, los Ricos y los Pobres, los Con Voz y Sin Voz? Cuba llora y nadie escucha.
Donde estan el Jet Set, los Reyes y Principes, Patricios y Plebeyos? Cuba desesperada clama por solidaridad.
Donde Bob Dylan, donde Martin Luther King, donde Hollywood y sus estrellas? Donde la Middle Class democrata y conservadora, o acaso tambien liberal a ratos? Y Gandhi? Y el Dios de Todos?
Donde los Santos y Virgenes; los Dioses de Cristianos, Protestantes, Musulmanes, Budistas, Testigos de Jehova y Adventistas del Septimo Dia. Donde estan Ochun y todas las deidades del Panteon Yoruba que no acuden a nuestro llanto? Donde Juan Pablo II que no exige mas que Cuba se abra al Mundo y que el Mundo se abra a Cuba?
Que hacen ahora mismo Alberto de Monaco y el Principe Felipe que no los escuchamos? Donde Madonna, donde Angelina Jolie y sus adoptados around de world; o nos hara falta un Brando erguido en un Oscar por Cuba? Donde Sean Penn?
Donde esta la Aristocracia Obrera y los Obreros menos Aristocraticos, donde los Working Class que no estan junto a un pueblo que lanquidece, sufre y llora por la ignominia?
Que hacen ahora mismo Zapatero y Rajoy que no los escuchamos, y Harper y Dion, e Hillary y Obama; donde McCain que no los escuchamos? Y los muertos? Y los que estan muriendo? Y los que van a morir? Y los que se lanzan desesperados al mar?
Donde estan el minero cantabrico o el pescador de percebes gijonese? Los Canarios donde estan? A los africanos no los oimos, y a los australianos con su acento de hombres duros tampoco. Y aquellos chinos milenarios de Canton que fundaron raices eternas en la Isla? Y que de la Queen Elizabeth y los Lords y Gentlemen? Que hace ahora mismo el combativo Principe Harry que no lo escuchamos?
Donde los Rockefellers? Donde los Duponts? Donde Kate Moss? Donde el Presidente de la ONU? Y Solana donde esta? Y los Generales y Doctores? Y los Lam y los Fabelo, y los Sivio y los Fito Paez?
Y que de Canseco y Miñoso? Y de los veteranos de Bahia de Cochinos y de los balseros y de los recien llegados? Y Carlos Otero y Susana Perez? Y el Bola, y Pancho Cespedes? Y YO y TU?
Y todos nosotros que estamos aqui y alla rumiando frustaciones y resquemores, envidias y sinsabores; autoelogios y nostalgias, en tanto Louis Michel comulga con Perez Roque mientras Biscet y una NACION lanquidecen?
Donde Maceo, donde Marti; donde aquel Villena con su carga para matar bribones?
Cuba llora y clama y el Mundo NO ESCUCHA!!!

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